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Author Pool, L.
Title Why do young people choose nursing as a career? Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication Whitireia Nursing Journal Abbreviated Journal
Volume 13 Issue Pages 25-33
Keywords Careers in nursing; Nursing; Education
Abstract (up)
Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ Serial 1039
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Author Kirkman, A.; Dixon, D.A.
Title Nurses at university: Negotiating academic, work and personal pathways Type Book Chapter
Year 2003 Publication Davey,J., Neale, J., Morris Mathews, K. , Living and learning: Experiences of university after age 40 (pp. 93-108) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Nursing; Education; Careers in nursing
Abstract (up)
Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ Serial 1160
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Author Mackay, B.
Title An analysis of innovative roles in primary health care nursing Type
Year 2004 Publication Abbreviated Journal Northland Polytechnic Library
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Nurse practitioners; Primary health care; Maori; Policy; Careers in nursing
Abstract (up) An analytical tool of Force Field Analysis was used to identify and describe forces influencing the development of innovative roles, including the nurse practitioner role, in primary health care nursing. At the commencement of the study an initial analysis of research, literature and policy identified forces driving or restraining the development of innovative roles. A mixed research method of surveys and focus group interviews with key stakeholders, namely nurses in innovative roles, general practitioners and nurse leaders, was then used to identify factors influencing development within the Northland District Health Board. Descriptive statistics and interpretative methods were used to analyse the data. A final analysis enabled a picture of forces influencing innovative role development to be presented. Driving forces reflected international trends and were strongly influenced by economics and a political imperative to reconfigure health care services towards a primary health focus. The Treaty of Waitangi was also a key influence. Driving forces had greatest impact on the development of new roles. Forces were identified as drives towards cost-effective evidence-based health care (effective services), equity for Maori, response to local needs and workforce reorganisation. The major forces restraining the development of innovative roles were reinforced by attitudes, customs and support systems. These forces were identified as poor professional identity and support, an outdated nursing image, inadequate education and training and slow transition from traditional practices and structures (tradition). These forces had a negative influence on support for innovative roles. Promotion of kaupapa Maori, involvement of the local community, local Maori and nursing in decision-making and promotion of a team culture have the potential to support further development of innovative roles. Political ideology and the Treaty of Waitangi will continue to be major influences directed through policy and the contracting and funding process.
Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ Serial 1124
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Author Casey, H.
Title Empowerment: What can nurse leaders do to encourage an empowering environment for nurses working in the mental health area Type
Year 2000 Publication Abbreviated Journal ResearchArchive@Victoria
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Policy; Leadership; Careers in nursing; Mental health; Psychiatric nursing
Abstract (up) For nurses to have control over their practice they need to have input into policy development. Nurses having control over their practice has been linked to nursing empowerment. Therefore the question explored in this research project is: What can nurse leaders do to encourage an empowering environment for nurses working in the mental health area? The literature reviewed for this project includes empowerment, power, the history of nursing in relation to women's role in society, oppression and resistance, and literature on Critical Social Theory as the underlying theoretical and philosophical position which informs the research process. In order to answer the research question a single focus group was used to gather data from a group of registered nurses practising in mental health. Focus groups as a data collection method produce data and insights that would be less accessible without the interaction found in the group. The key themes to emerge from the data analysis were: power is an important component of empowerment and power relationships; and at a systems level, professional, organisational, and political influences impact on feelings of empowerment and/or disempowerment. These key themes are discussed in relation to the literature and the broader social and cultural context of the mental health care environment. The contribution this research makes to nursing includes a list of recommendations for nurse leaders who aim to provide an empowering environment for nurses practising in mental health.
Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ Serial 1145
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Author Maxwell-Crawford, K.
Title Huarahi whakatu: Maori mental health nursing career pathway Type Report
Year 2004 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume (Trm/04/15) Issue Pages
Keywords Professional development; Careers in nursing; Maori; Psychiatric nursing; Mental Health
Abstract (up) Huarahi whakatu describes a pathway for recognising the expertise of nurses working in kaupapa Maori mental health services and recommends a professional development programme that can lead to advancement along the pathway. An emphasis on dual competencies – cultural and clinical – underlies the rationale for regarding kaupapa Maori mental health nursing as a sub-specialty. Eight levels of cultural competencies and twelve levels of clinical competencies are used to differentiate career stages and it is recommended that movement from one level to another should be matched by increased remuneration. The report also contains a recommended professional development programme to support the operationalisation of the career pathway.
Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ Serial 824
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Author Mulcahy, D.M.
Title Journeys cross divides: Nurses and midwives' experiences of choosing a path following separation of the professions Type
Year 2006 Publication Abbreviated Journal Victoria University of Wellington Library
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Midwifery; Nursing; Policy; Careers in nursing
Abstract (up) In 2003 the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act was introduced and established separate regulatory authorities for nursing and midwifery. This study is designed to explore the experiences of dually registered practitioners affected by this divide, as now there are two separate and possible paths, and two corresponding sets of competencies to fulfil. The design for this qualitative descriptive study utilised the written and oral narratives of three practitioners affected by this professional regulation and demonstrated its impact on their career development. Individual storytelling, as narrative, provided a theoretical lens aiding insight into their experience and pattern of decision making. In addition, symbolic consideration of the study data was provided by collective storytelling via the perennial myth of the hero journey. Shifting professional ground following the Health Practitioners Competence Act 2003 generated a focus for the inquiry into practitioners' modes of adjustment. For the practitioners in the study, transition between the occupational roles of nursing and midwifery comprised the possible career trajectories. A status passage, as the process of change from one social status to another, is described and includes the transitional experience of anticipation, expectation, contrast, and change. The author suggests that the findings from this research provide illumination of the nuances of professional decision making as a lived experience, and highlight how these practitioners dealt with shifting meaning, values, awareness, choices, and relationships. Aspects of group agency and identity, change management, and professional role transition were revealed. Life pattern, revealed through narrative, was an important research construct for exposing the ways in which the participants negotiated change, and displayed the function of their thinking and reasoning through dilemmas. Perception of individual and group identity revealed attitudes of esteem to the dominant discourse, and exposed dynamic tension between work patterns and life stage. Renegotiating arrangements of personal and professional commitment resulted from this dynamic interplay, and the relationship to stress and burnout was explored.
Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ 700 Serial 686
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Author McKinlay, E.M.
Title New Zealand practice nursing in the third millennium: Key issues in 2006 Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication New Zealand Family Physician Abbreviated Journal
Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 162-168
Keywords Primary health care; Practice nurses; Careers in nursing
Abstract (up) The author looks at the accelerated change in the role of practice nurses, due to factors such as the effects of the Primary Health Care Strategy. She reviews the current role of practice nurses, which is influenced by a population approach and new funding streams that encourage preventative, maintenance and chronic illness management activities. She highlights the positive effects of increased visibility of nursing leaders in the sector, increasing interdisciplinary education, and new career pathways which include advanced roles. She addresses some of the professional and systemic structural barriers which impact on practice nurses' ability to work effectively and equally within a general practice team.
Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ 541 Serial 527
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Author Carryer, J.B.; Budge, C.; Russell, A.
Title Measuring perceptions of the Clinical Career Pathway in a New Zealand hospital Type Journal Article
Year 2002 Publication Nursing Praxis in New Zealand Abbreviated Journal
Volume 18 Issue 3 Pages 18-29
Keywords Professional development; Careers in nursing; Nursing; Hospitals
Abstract (up) The authors outline the Clinical Career Pathways (CCPs) for nurses, which were first established in New Zealand during the late 1980s. This paper introduces a new instrument, the Clinical Career Pathway Evaluation Tool (CCPET) designed to assess nurses' and midwives' knowledge of and attitudes towards their Clinical Career Pathway. The 51 item instrument takes the form of a self-report questionnaire. The development of the CCPET is described and results from an initial application of the instrument with 239 nurses and midwives in a New Zealand hospital are presented. Results indicate that knowledge levels were moderate in this sample and were correlated with both positive and negative attitudes. Results of t-test comparisons indicated that, on average, the group who had already completed a CCP portfolio had greater knowledge and more positive attitudes than the group who had not.
Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ 634 Serial 620
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Author Kempthorne, A.
Title Why do nurse graduates choose to work in the area of mental health? Type
Year 2006 Publication Abbreviated Journal Victoria University of Wellington Library
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Careers in nursing; Psychiatric Nursing; Mental health
Abstract (up) The low numbers of nurses attracted to work in mental health is a concern particularly with the increased demand for mental health services. Strategies are required to increase recruitment to this less popular area of nursing to ensure that a high quality of care is provided for people suffering from mental illness. The World Health Organisation is aware that this area of health has been neglected and that it is time to promote mental health. This study aimed to examine the influences involved in nurses choosing to work in this area. A descriptive survey using a questionnaire was given to seven groups of new graduates enrolled in the New Graduate Mental Health Nursing programme through five educational institutes. At the time of writing there were no published studies around this topic in New Zealand. This study will attempt to inform nurses, the Nursing Council of New Zealand, tertiary institutions and the government of New Zealand that there is evidence of a need to develop and change practices to address the predicted workforce decline.
Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ Serial 733
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Author Pool, L.
Title How Culture Influences Choosing Nursing as a Career Type Journal Article
Year 2012 Publication Whitireia Nursing Journal Abbreviated Journal Available through NZNO library
Volume Issue 19 Pages
Keywords Careers in Nursing; Minority Groups; Nursing Shortage; Personnel Recruitment
Abstract (up) The purpose of this study was to explore how young people make career choices and why young people choose or reject nursing as a career choice. This study has highlighted the complexity of this decision-making process, and the importance of making positive connections and offering appropriate support during this process. It seems that many young people are well equipped to make career decisions when given support.

The need to recruit people from minority cultures into nursing is a global issue. This study also highlights the need for an inter-sectoral approach to raise the profile of nursing and make a career that is attractive to young people.
Call Number NZNO @ research @ Serial 1382
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Author Harding, T.S.
Title Men's clinical career pathways: Widening the understanding Type Journal Article
Year 2008 Publication Klinisk sygepleje Abbreviated Journal Coda: An institutional repository for the New Zealand ITP sector
Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages 48-57
Keywords Male nurses; Gender; Careers in nursing
Abstract (up) This article, drawn from a larger study, reports on the factors that have influenced the choice of a group of New Zealand male nurses' clinical career pathways. Using discourse analysis, interview data from 18 participants were analysed and related to existing literature on male nurses. The analysis revealed that the predominance of men in selected areas of nursing can be attributed to multiple factors including: socialisation pressures that are grounded on gender stereotyping, a desire for challenge, homosocial tendencies, and the belief that multiple work experience equips them to be better nurses. The results challenge essentialist readings of masculinity within the context of nursing and identifies challenges for nursing education and the profession to enable men to contribute more widely to nursing.
Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ Serial 646
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Author Wilson, L.J.
Title Futurist planning, not a shortage stopgap: Recruitment and retention of registered nurses in New Zealand Type
Year 2001 Publication Abbreviated Journal Victoria University of Wellington Library
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Recruitment and retention; Registered nurses; Policy; Careers in nursing
Abstract (up) This literature review critically examines contributing factors to the current nursing shortage in New Zealand, centering on recruitment and retention of registered nurses. There is a dramatic widening between the supply of registered nurses and the demand for their services. All regions in New Zealand are reporting difficulty in hiring experienced and specialty nurses, and recruiting time is lengthening. This report suggests that the shortage is closely linked to factors in the nursing care environment. As a result of multiple factors during the centralising, cost-containing, acuity-increasing decade of the 1990s, the care environment has driven practising nurses out of acute care settings and discouraged new students from entering the profession. The availability of numerous alternative career opportunities has heightened the effect. Continuing causes to the non-selection of nursing as a profession are the influences of wage compression and limited career progression over the lifetime of the nurse, and insufficient orientation and mentoring of new nurses. Recent changes in the health care system have gone unevaluated and without oversight by nursing regulatory agencies – a situation not in the best interests of patients or nurses. A number of both literature-supported and resourceful approaches, including recommendations towards addressing the nursing shortage are proposed in this review.
Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ Serial 1258
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Author Hylton, J.A.
Title Relearning how to learn: Enrolled nurse transition to degree at a New Zealand rural satellite campus Type Journal Article
Year 2005 Publication Nurse Education Today Abbreviated Journal
Volume 25 Issue 7 Pages 519-526
Keywords Registered nurses; Enrolled nurses; Education; Maori; Scope of practice; Careers in nursing; Rural nursing
Abstract (up) This paper reports a study that examined the factors that assisted or hindered the transition of a group of enrolled nurses to registration/degree programmes, via a flexible course developed by a North Island tertiary institution. The study follows ten enrolled nurses, primarily Maori and working in rural settings, as they continued to work while studying at a small satellite campus. The study was exploratory and descriptive, and utilised focus group interviews. Two major categories emerged from comparative analysis of the data. One category entitled 'relearning how to learn', demonstrated the cognitive and behavioural adaptations made and is the focus of this paper. The other category 'barriers and catapults', demonstrated the physical and environmental factors that influenced the students' transition but is outside the scope of this paper. Recent changes in New Zealand nursing education have witnessed the clarification of scopes of nursing practice and the controversial development of a new Certificate in Health Science (Nurse Assistant). Currently enrolled nurses are again facing threats to employment and it is envisaged that many will be seeking to undertake transition to registered nurse in the near future.
Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ Serial 842
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Author Hamer, H.P.; Finlayson, M.; Thom, K.; Hughes, F.; Tomkins, S.
Title Mental health nursing and its future: A discussion framework: Report from the Expert Reference Group to the Deputy Director-General Dr Janice Wilson Type Report
Year 2006 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Mental health; Psychiatric Nursing; Policy; Leadership; Nurse practitioners; Nursing; Education; Careers in nursing
Abstract (up) This project was initiated by the Ministry of Health to ensure a nationally coordinated approach to mental health nursing. The purpose of the project is to provide a national strategic framework for mental health nursing that will strengthen both nursing leadership and practice within the multi-disciplinary clinical environment. The framework reviews a range of key workforce issues identified by the Ministry of Health and provides strategies to move mental health nursing forward. The framework integrates directions from government mental health strategies, policies and directions, national and international literature as well as professional nursing requirements which aim to create a sustainable mental health nursing workforce using evidence based practice. The framework considers a range of key workforce issues identified by the Ministry of Health including: nursing leadership, nurse practitioners, standards, skill mix, clinical career pathways, professional supervision, education, research and recruitment and retention.
Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ Serial 865
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Author Moko Business Associates,
Title Career pathways and core competencies in Maori mental health nursing Type Report
Year 2003 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Trm/03/04 Issue Pages
Keywords Maori; Mental health; Nursing; Careers in nursing; psychiatric nursing
Abstract (up) This report reviews relevant literature pertaining to clinical career pathways and associated core competencies for nursing in New Zealand. The review identifies and analyses existing clinical career pathways for nurses and mental health workers in New Zealand, paying particular attention to the content, structure, strengths, criticisms and applicability to the development of a clinical career pathway for Maori registered nurses to work in Maori mental health (NGO organisations). This report is part of Te Rau Matatini's current work on the development of a career pathway for Maori registered nurses with mental health work experience to work in NGO, community settings. It is a preliminary report, based on existing literature. A subsequent report was planned detailing the career pathway developed by Te Rau Matatini, with strong guidance and input from Maori mental health nurses and the wider Maori mental health sector.
Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ Serial 823
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