Abstract: The study explored the basis of the relatively low uptake of cervical screening and practice of breast self-examination among New Zealand women. Consistent with an interpretive approach to social phenomena it was anticipated that part of the explanation would lie in the meanings which women attach in general and to these specific health-protection practices.Theoretical sampling was effected by semi-structured interviews with 45 women. Transcripts of these interviews provided the substance data which were then analysed by the process of constant comparative analysis and other grounded theory strategies for analysis.The concept of a health-protective paradox centered around the core-variable 'vigilance-harmonizing which was generated to reconcile the seeming inconsistencies within, and between, individual women and their health practices. This conceptualisation was developed from the substantive date in order to provide a model designed to increase the effectiveness of nursing interventions for this area. The model, by illuminating processes from the client's perspective then can indicate those processes most suitable for incorporation in effective health education measures designed to promote the uptake of cervical screening and breast self-examination by women.As an adjunct to the study, a breast cancer case history is presented which shows the theory-in-use. The use of this case-history lies in the fact that it shares the substantive area of inquiry which serves to accentuate the viability, relevance and applicability of the grounded theory