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Author Litchfield, M. openurl 
  Title Between the idea and reality Type Journal Article
  Year 1986 Publication Nursing Praxis in New Zealand Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 1 Issue 2 Pages 17-29  
  Keywords Nursing research; Nursing philosophy; Diagnosis; Evaluation  
  Abstract A paper presented as one of the four “Winter Lecture Series” hosted by the Nursing Studies unit of the Department of Education, Victoria University of Wellington. It is a critique of “ The Nursing Process” referred to commonly in nursing education programmes. It challenges the usefulness for nursing of the linear sequence of steps of assessment, diagnosis, planning, intervention and evaluation.  
  Call Number NZNO @ research @ Serial 1313  
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Author Litchfield, M. openurl 
  Title Thinking through diagnosis: Process in nursing practice Type Journal Article
  Year 1986 Publication Nursing Praxis in New Zealand Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 1 Issue 4 Pages 9-12  
  Keywords Diagnosis; Nursing philosophy; Nursing research  
  Abstract A paper following on from the paper “Between the idea and reality” (Nursing Praxis in New Zealand 1(2), 17-29) proposing the focus for the discipline of nursing – practice and research – is diagnosis. For nursing practice, diagnosis is a practice that collapses “The Nursing Process”; for research to develop nursing practice, diagnosis is one continuous relational process that merges and makes the separate tasks od assessment, intervention and evaluation redundant.  
  Call Number NZNO @ research @ Serial 1314  
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Author Litchfield, M. openurl 
  Title Knowledge embedded in practice Type Journal Article
  Year 1989 Publication Kai Tiaki: Nursing New Zealand Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 82 Issue 10 Pages 24-25  
  Keywords Nursing research; diagnosis; Education; Nursing philosophy  
  Abstract A statement of the nature of research needed to distinguish the knowledge of nursing practice from knowledge developed by other disciplines. It orients to the interrelationship of practice and research as the foundation of the discipline of nursing.  
  Call Number NZNO @ research @ Serial 1315  
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Author Litchfield, M. openurl 
  Title The nursing praxis of family health Type Book Chapter
  Year 2005 Publication Picard, C & Jones, D., Giving voice to what we know (pp.73-82) Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Nursing research; Nursing philosophy; Nurse-family relations  
  Abstract The chapter explores the process of nursing practice and how it contributes to health, derived from research undertaken in New Zealand. It presents the nature of nursing research as if practice – the researcher as if practitioner – establishing a foundation for the development of nursing knowledge that would make a distinct contribution to health and health care. It includes the philosophy and practicalities of nursing through the use of a case study of nursing a family with complex health circumstances.  
  Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ 1185 Serial 1170  
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Author Litchfield, M.; Jonsdottir, H. openurl 
  Title A practice discipline that's here and now Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication Advances in Nursing Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 79-92  
  Keywords Nursing research; Policy; Nursing philosophy  
  Abstract The article is a collaborative writing venture drawing on research findings from New Zealand and Iceland to contribute to the international scholarship on the status and future direction of the nursing discipline. It takes an overview of the international historical trends in nursing knowledge development and proposes a framework for contemporary nursing research that accommodates the past efforts and paradigms of nurse scholars and reflects the changing thinking around the humanness of the health circumstance as the focus of the nursing discipline. It addresses contemporary challenges facing nurses as practitioners and researchers for advancement of practice and delivery of health services, and for influencing health policy.  
  Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ Serial 1174  
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Author McEldowney, R.A. url  openurl
  Title Shape-shifting: Stories of teaching for social change in nursing Type
  Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal ResearchArchive@Victoria  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Nursing philosophy; Teaching methods; Feminist critique; Qualiltative research  
  Abstract This research explores why and how nurse educators teach for social change. Critical feminist educators provide a useful framework for theorising about teaching for change that addresses issues of hegemony, agency, praxis, individual voice, difference, justice and equity. Six women Pakeha/Tauiwi nurse educators from throughout New Zealand volunteered to participate in this research and share their lived experiences of teaching for social change. In-depth conversations over two years unfolded new and rich material about how and why these six women continue to teach the evaded subjects, like mental health, women's health, community development and cultural safety. All teach in counter-hegemonic ways, opening students' eyes to the unseen and unspoken. Among the significant things to emerge during the research was the metaphorical construct of shape-shifting as an active process in teaching for social change. It revealed the connectedness and integrity between life as lived and the moral imperative that motivates the participants to teach for difference. Shape-shifting was also reflected in other key findings of the study. As change agents, the participants have had significant shape-shifting experiences in their lives; they live and work as shape-shifters within complex social and political structures and processes to achieve social justice; and, they deal with areas of health practice where clients are socially and politically displaced. The research also generated new methods for gathering life-stories and new processes for analysis and interpretation of life-stories. It is hoped that this research will open pathways for other nurse educators to become shape-shifters teaching for social change.  
  Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ Serial 1193  
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Author Milligan, K. openurl 
  Title Aesthetic knowledge and the use of arts in nursing Type Journal Article
  Year 2002 Publication Beginning Journeys: A Collection of Work Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 7 Issue Pages 9-14  
  Keywords Nursing philosophy; Nursing; Education; Teaching methods  
  Abstract The author considers aesthetic knowing and the use of the arts in nursing. She identifies concepts that pertain to the art of nursing. The interrelationship of the moral sense and the art of nursing is explored. The author concludes that the mediums of non-fiction, fiction and poetry can provide valuable contributions to the aesthetic way of knowing in nursing education, practice and research.  
  Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ Serial 1094  
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Author Morrison, M. openurl 
  Title Posthuman pathology: A postmodern art project located in critical care Type
  Year 2003 Publication Abbreviated Journal Victoria University of Wellington Library  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Intensive care nursing; Nursing philosophy; Culture; Technology  
  Abstract The author's art project “Posthuman Pathology” is a postmodern examination of the resolutely modernist culture of critical care medicine. She uses conceptual art practices in conjunction with the techniques of anti-aesthetics in order to dismantle, open out and critique ideas which are foundational to the culture of critical care.  
  Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ 580 Serial 566  
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Author Neehoff, S.M. openurl 
  Title Pedagogical possibilities for nursing Type
  Year 1999 Publication Abbreviated Journal University of Otago Library  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Nursing; Nursing philosophy; Feminist critique  
  Abstract This thesis is about what the author terms the 'invisible bodies of nursing'. The physical body of the nurse, the body of practice, and the body of knowledge. The physical body of the nurse is absent in most nursing literature, it is sometimes inferred but seldom discussed. The contention is that the physical body of the nurse is invisible because it is tacit. Much nursing practice is invisible because it is perceived by many nurses to be inarticulable and is carried out within a private discourse of nursing, silently and secretly. Nursing knowledge is invisible because it is not seen as being valid or authoritative or sanctioned as a legitimate discourse by the dominant discourse. These issues are approach through an evolving 'specular' lens. Luce Irigaray's philosophy of the feminine and her deconstructing and reconstructing of psychoanalytic structures for women inform this work. Michel Foucault's genealogical approach to analysing discourses is utilized, along with Maurice Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology. Nursing's struggle for recognition is ongoing. The author discusses strategies that nurses could use to make themselves more 'visible' in healthcare structures. The exploration of the embodied self of the nurse and through this the embodied knowledge of nursing is nascent.  
  Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ 1287 Serial 1272  
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Author Neehoff, S.M. openurl 
  Title The invisible bodies of nursing Type
  Year 2005 Publication Abbreviated Journal University of Otago Library  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Nursing philosophy  
  Abstract In this thesis, the author explores what she terms 'invisible bodies of nursing', which are the physical body of the nurse, the body of practice, and the body of knowledge. She argues that the physical body of the nurse is absent in most nursing literature. Her contention is that the physical body of the nurse is invisible because it is tacit and much nursing practice is invisible because it is perceived by many nurses to be inarticulable and is carried out within a private discourse of nursing, silently and secretly. Nursing knowledge is invisible because it is not seen as being valid or authoritative or sanctioned as a legitimate discourse by the dominant discourse. This analysis is informed by Luce Irigaray's philosophy of the feminine, Michel Foucault's genealogical approach to analysing, and Maurice Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology. The author discusses strategies that nurses could use to make themselves more 'visible' in healthcare structures.  
  Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ 1124 Serial 1109  
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Author Noble-Adams, R. url  openurl
  Title Being and becoming an exemplary nurse: An authentic journey Type
  Year 2006 Publication Abbreviated Journal Victoria University of Wellington Library  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Nursing philosophy; Nursing; Education  
  Abstract The aims of this study were to illuminate the joint constructions of exemplary nurses and their lived experiences of being and becoming one. Inherent in being 'exemplary' was the notion of 'becoming', which involved the integration of knowledge and experiences through reflecting on the day-to-day of 'being a nurse'. Being exemplary was not about perfection but learning from every experience and integrating these into becoming. The author developed a creative qualitative and participatory method. Ten exemplary nurses were recruited and interviewed three times. They also provided supplementary data such as photos, poetry and writings. Analysis occurred through first and second level categorising and the use of writing as method. Writing became a way of knowing – assisting discovery and allowing reflection on the data in order to connect the categories and themes together in a coherent and workable whole. The author reports that the above method led to the following emergent findings. The pivotal construct was Authentic Being, through living a reflective life, surrounded by the major constructs of Love of Nursing, Making a Difference, Critical Friends, Walking the Talk and Backpack patients. These constructs directed a specific and comprehensive review of both the philosophical and nursing literature. This review was not used to expand or enlarge the findings but to enlighten, illuminate and clarify. Significant philosophical ideas were extended, developed and synthesised with the findings. The author suggests that the new knowledge that emerged from this research has profound implications for everyday nursing practice, undergraduate and post graduate nursing education, and for Charge Nurses and Senior Nurses, who are of vital importance as role models, mentors and critical friends. The results are significant and are important for nurses and the nursing profession and contribute to, and advance, nursing knowledge.  
  Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ Serial 729  
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Author Perry, I. openurl 
  Title Identifying the 'norms' of nursing culture Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Kai Tiaki: Nursing New Zealand Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 6 Issue 9 Pages 20-22  
  Keywords Nursing; Nursing philosophy  
  Abstract The author investigates the premises that form the basis of nursing practice in acute care. Assumptions about patients and caregiving are often at odds with each other. The origins of these tenets are mapped from Florence Nightingale through to present nursing theorists. Overlapping areas of nursing and medical care in the acute care setting are examined, and the conflict that can arise between traditional nursing care and the expected medical nursing role is examined. He argues that the challenge for acute care nurses is to find a balance between normative nursing and the medical model.  
  Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ 1036 Serial 1020  
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Author Phillips, B.N. openurl 
  Title Nursing care and understanding the experiences of others: A Gadamerian perspective Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Nursing Inquiry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 14 Issue 1 Pages 89-94  
  Keywords Nursing philosophy; Nurse-patient relations  
  Abstract This article investigates the process where nurses attempt to understand the experience of patients. The author argues that this transcends particular models of ill-health. Gadamerian hermeneutics, which has been used in nursing research to articulate the process of understanding, is elaborated on. Gadamer's exposition of understanding shows that practitioners need to be aware that understanding of other people is developed through a fusion of one's own history, language and culture with that of the other person. This occurs through a hermeneutic question-answer dialogue in which practitioners put their ideas at risk of being modified or rejected in the process. Understanding then, is a perceptual and conceptual process. In this way, the experience of nurses seeking to understanding those they nurse increases self-awareness, as well as enhancing their ability to further understand others.  
  Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ 797 Serial 781  
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Author Phillips, S. openurl 
  Title Exploration of the socio-cultural conditions and challenges which may impede nursing development in the twenty-first century and proactive strategies to counter these challenges Type
  Year 1999 Publication Abbreviated Journal Victoria University of Wellington Library  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords History of nursing; Nursing philosophy  
  Abstract  
  Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ 1285 Serial 1270  
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Author Richardson, S. openurl 
  Title Aoteaoroa/New Zealand nursing: From eugenics to cultural safety Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication Nursing Inquiry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 35-42  
  Keywords Cultural safety; History of nursing; Nursing philosophy  
  Abstract The concept of cultural safety offers a unique approach to nursing practice, based on recognition of the power differentials inherent in any interaction. Clarification of the concept is offered, together with a review of the historical shift in nursing attitudes that has led to the emergence of “cultural safety” as a viable and valued component of nursing practice. The argument is made that cultural safety has allowed for a more reflective, critical understanding of the actions of nursing to develop. This includes recognition that nurses' attitudes and values have inevitably been influenced by social and political forces, and as such are in part reflective of those within the wider community. Comparison between the support given by nurses in the early 1900s to the theory of eugenics and the current acceptance of cultural safety is used to highlight this point. An examination of the literature identifies that ideological and conceptual changes have occurred in the approach of Aoteaoroa/New Zealand nurses to issues with cultural implications for practice. A review of background factors relating to Maori health status and the Treaty of Waitangi is presented as a necessary context to the overall discussion. The discussion concludes with an acknowledgement that while the rhetoric of cultural safety is now part of nursing culture in New Zealand, there is no firm evidence to evaluate its impact in practice. Issues identified as impacting on the ability to assess/research a concept, such as cultural safety, are discussed. For cultural safety to become recognised as a credible (and indispensable) tool, it is necessary to further examine the “end-point” or “outcomes” of the process.  
  Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ Serial 1062  
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