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Author McDonald, S. openurl 
  Title A study to investigate the role of the registered nurse in an acute mental health inpatient setting in New Zealand: Perceptions versus reality Type Report
  Year 2000 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Registered nurses; Hospitals; Psychiatric Nursing  
  Abstract  
  Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ 1283 Serial 1268  
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Author McDonald, S. openurl 
  Title Registered nurses' perceptions of their role in acute inpatient care in New Zealand: A qualitative descriptive study Type
  Year 2004 Publication Abbreviated Journal University of Auckland  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Mental health; Psychiatric Nursing  
  Abstract  
  Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ 620 Serial 606  
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Author McKenna, B. openurl 
  Title Bridging the theory-practice gap Type Journal Article
  Year 1999 Publication Kai Tiaki: Nursing New Zealand Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 14-16  
  Keywords Psychiatric nursing; Nursing; Education; Teaching methods  
  Abstract The author presents a case study of a joint appointment between a nurse lecturer and a staff nurse in an acute forensic psychiatry unit. He explores the advantages, disadvantages and reasons for success in relation to the findings of a survey of the literature on joint appointments. This technique is seen as a means of narrowing the gap between theory and practice which resulted when nurse training was transferred from hospitals to polytechnics. He highlights the need to develop research methodology to clarify potential benefits of this approach.  
  Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ Serial 1024  
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Author McKenna, B. openurl 
  Title Risk assessment of violence to others: Time for action Type Journal Article
  Year 2002 Publication Nursing Praxis in New Zealand Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 18 Issue 1 Pages 36-43  
  Keywords Mental health; Workplace violence; Risk management; Nursing; Nurse-patient relations; Psychiatric nursing  
  Abstract The author performs a literature search on the topics of risk assessment, dangerousness, aggression, and violence in order to determine an evidence-based approach to risk assessment of patient violence towards others. This is set in the context of possible expansion in the scope of practice of mental health nurses, and the prevalence of nurses being assaulted by patients. In the absence of reliable and valid nursing risk assessment measures, the approach suggested here focuses on the use of observation skills to detect behaviour antecedent to physical assault, and the ability to adapt evidence to specific clinical settings.  
  Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ Serial 621  
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Author McKenna, B.; Poole, S. openurl 
  Title Debating forensic mental health nursing [corrected] Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2001 Publication Kai Tiaki: Nursing New Zealand Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 7 Issue 6 Pages 18-20  
  Keywords Psychiatric Nursing; Law and legislation; Cross-cultural comparison; History of nursing  
  Abstract Forensic mental health nursing roles have developed along different lines in the United States and the United Kingdom. The authors suggest that New Zealand nurses consider the evolution of such roles here.  
  Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ 1043 Serial 1027  
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Author McKenna, B.; O'Brien, A.J.; Dal Din, A.; Them, K. openurl 
  Title Responsible clinician role offers opportunities for nurses Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Kai Tiaki: Nursing New Zealand Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 12 Issue 11 Pages 12-14  
  Keywords Psychiatric Nursing; Advanced nursing practice; Law and legislation; Mental health  
  Abstract The authors report on a recent study investigating the statutory role of responsible clinician. Statutory roles under mental health legislation offer mental health nurses a means of having advanced practice skills recognised, as well as contributing to improved access to services. There is a proliferation of roles intended to develop nursing readership, but in most cases they are not primarily clinical roles. The concept of “advanced practice” has become a means of developing clinical leadership roles in nursing. Research on responsible clinician role is presented along with the results of a survey of the 11 Registered Nurses practicing as responsible clinicians, five senior nurses from each of the 21 district health boards, and the Auckland Regional Forensic Psychiatry Services (n = 121). Respondents were asked whether the responsible clinician role was a legitimate one for nurses and whether they were motivated to attain or maintain that role. They were also asked which competencies for the role they believed they met, their perceptions of credentialing processes and the educational requirements needed to achieve the role. A clear majority of the respondents felt the role of the responsible clinician was a legitimate advanced practice role for mental health nurses. Despite this, some respondents expressed ambivalence about taking on the role. The research highlighted deficits in knowledge and skills that could become a focus of education for advanced practitioners seeking appointment as responsible clinicians. Deficits included some assessment skills, knowledge of a range of interventions and knowledge of other legislation affecting mental health legislation.  
  Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ Serial 992  
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Author McKenna, B.; O'Brien, A.J.; Dal Din, T.; Thom, K. openurl 
  Title Registered nurses as responsible clinicians under the New Zealand Mental Health (Compulsory Assessment and Treatment) Act 1992 Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication International Journal of Mental Health Nursing Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 128-134  
  Keywords Advanced nursing practice; Psychiatric Nursing; Law and legislation  
  Abstract The objectives of this research were to determine how many registered nurses are working as 'responsible clinicians', under what phases of the legislation they are functioning, and to describe the enabling processes and barriers to nurses undertaking this statutory role. An anonymous descriptive survey was distributed to the 11 nurses who were currently responsible clinicians as well as five senior nurses selected from each of the 21 district health boards and the Auckland Regional Forensic Psychiatry Services (n=121). The response rate was 88.4% (n=107). The survey questioned respondents on statutory roles currently undertaken. Respondents were asked whether the responsible clinician role was a legitimate one for nurses and whether they were motivated to attain it. They were also asked which competencies of the role they believed they met, their perceptions of credentialing processes and the educational requirements needed to achieve the role. Of the approximately 395 responsible clinicians nationally, 11 (2.8%) are nurses. Most nurses viewed the role as legitimate. However, many were unaware of competencies for the role and credentialing processes, and were somewhat ambivalent about achieving the role due to current workload, role conflict and lack of remuneration. Competency deficits were highlighted. The authors conclude that there are grounds to encourage nurses as responsible clinicians given the intent of the legislation. This will require the promulgation of appropriate mental health policy, and a concerted effort by major stakeholders in mental health service delivery.  
  Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ Serial 1044  
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Author McKenna, B.; Poole, S.; Smith, N.A.; Coverdale, J.; Gale, C. openurl 
  Title A survey of threats and violent behaviour by patients against registered nurses in their first year of practice Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2003 Publication International Journal of Mental Health Nursing Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 56-63  
  Keywords New graduate nurses; Workplace violence; Occupational health and safety; Training; Mental health; Psychiatric nursing  
  Abstract For this study, an anonymous survey was sent to registered nurses in their first year of practice. From the 1169 survey instruments that were distributed, 551 were returned completed (a response rate of 47%). The most common inappropriate behaviour by patients involved verbal threats, verbal sexual harassment, and physical intimidation. There were 22 incidents of assault requiring medical intervention and 21 incidents of participants being stalked by patients. Male graduates and younger nurses were especially vulnerable. Mental health was the service area most at risk. A most distressing incident was described by 123 (22%) of respondents. The level of distress caused by the incident was rated by 68 of the 123 respondents (55%) as moderate or severe. Only half of those who described a most distressing event indicated they had some undergraduate training in protecting against assault or in managing potentially violent incidents. After registration, 45 (37%) indicated they had received such training. The findings of this study indicate priorities for effective prevention programmes.  
  Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ Serial 649  
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Author McKenna, B.; Simpson, A.I.F.; Coverdale, J. openurl 
  Title Best practice management strategies for mental health nurses during the clinical application of civil commitment: An overview Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Contemporary Nurse Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 62-70  
  Keywords Psychiatric Nursing; Law and legislation; Nurse-patient relations; Patient satisfaction  
  Abstract The aim of this article is to outline best practice management strategies for nurses during the clinical application of civil commitment of mentally ill persons. A literature search on 'coercion' and 'civil commitment' was undertaken. Published and unpublished research undertaken by the authors in New Zealand on this topic was drawn upon. This research considered the use of civil commitment during admission to acute mental health services, acute forensic mental health services and community mental health services. The experience of coercion by service users coincides with the degree of restriction associated with the service they are involved in. Socio-demographic factors, clinical factors and the experience of coercive events have little bearing on the amount of coercion experienced. Rather, it is the pattern of communication and the use of 'procedural justice' that has the potential to ameliorate the amount of perceived coercion. The authors conclude that 'Procedural justice' aligns with the emphasis placed on the therapeutic relationship in mental health nursing and is an important consideration for nurses during the clinical application of civil commitment  
  Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ Serial 1051  
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Author McKenna, B.; Thom, K.; O'Brien, A.J. openurl 
  Title Return to nursing programmes: Justifications for a mental health specific course Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication Intensive & Critical Care Nursing Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 5 Issue 1 Pages 1-16  
  Keywords Psychiatric Nursing; Training; Recruitment and retention; Curriculum  
  Abstract This paper presents the findings from research that investigated the feasibility of developing a specialty return to mental health nursing programme in New Zealand. This was achieved through a scoping of existing return to nursing programmes; a survey of non-active nurses; and stakeholder consultation via interviews or focus groups. Existing generic programmes fail to attract non-active nurses wishing to focus on mental health nursing. The non-active nurses survey found 142 nurses who presently would or might possibly return to mental health nursing and participate in a programme. Most stakeholders supported the idea of implementing such a programme. The findings from this research indicate both feasibility and enthusiasm for the introduction of return to mental health nursing programmes. It is recommended that all aspects of this course mirror the service user focused 'recovery paradigm' that is a central tenet in contemporary mental health service delivery.  
  Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ 984 Serial 968  
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Author McLean, J.M. url  openurl
  Title Pushing the boundaries: Relationships with adolescents Type
  Year 2007 Publication Abbreviated Journal Victoria University of Wellington Library  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Psychiatric Nursing; Mental health; Adolescents; Nurse-patient relations  
  Abstract Therapeutic relationships are central to mental health nursing. The nurse's role in maintaining professional yet therapeutic boundaries within this relationship can be challenging. When therapeutic boundaries are breeched within the nurse adolescent relationship the adolescent's safety within this relationship is compromised. There is currently limited literature on how nurses are managing professional boundaries in relationships with adolescents in this setting. The adolescent's nature is to push boundaries; therefore the nurse needs to be acutely aware of this boundary pushing in everyday practice settings. For the safety of the adolescent and the nurse it is vital the nurse understands her role in managing the professional boundary. This thesis explores, through the use of narrative inquiry, four adolescent mental health nurses' experiences of assessing, understanding and maintaining therapeutic boundaries with adolescents in a mental health setting in New Zealand. The unique and specific implications for adolescent mental health nursing are discussed. Three key themes emerged from the analysis and findings: the importance of the nurse clarifying his/her role; the learning that occurs throughout the practice journey; and the role of the nurse in keeping the adolescent and the nurse safe. These findings highlight the importance of clinical supervision and open communication with senior nurses and mentors, which assist the nurse in monitoring practice. When nurses do not have sufficient knowledge of the fundamental principles of adolescent mental health nursing; such as knowledge and skills in both adolescent development and psychodynamic nursing, they are at risk of boundary crossings. Recommendations from this research include more emphasis on psychodynamic nursing principles in nursing education and nursing practice. There is a need for specialised education for nurses in child and adolescent mental health nursing. Nursing entry to practice programmes for new graduate nurses working in mental health, could assist in providing this. There is a call for further research into therapeutic relationships and professional boundaries in this complex nursing specialty.  
  Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ 762 Serial 748  
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Author Moko Business Associates, url  openurl
  Title Career pathways and core competencies in Maori mental health nursing Type Report
  Year 2003 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Trm/03/04 Issue Pages  
  Keywords Maori; Mental health; Nursing; Careers in nursing; psychiatric nursing  
  Abstract This report reviews relevant literature pertaining to clinical career pathways and associated core competencies for nursing in New Zealand. The review identifies and analyses existing clinical career pathways for nurses and mental health workers in New Zealand, paying particular attention to the content, structure, strengths, criticisms and applicability to the development of a clinical career pathway for Maori registered nurses to work in Maori mental health (NGO organisations). This report is part of Te Rau Matatini's current work on the development of a career pathway for Maori registered nurses with mental health work experience to work in NGO, community settings. It is a preliminary report, based on existing literature. A subsequent report was planned detailing the career pathway developed by Te Rau Matatini, with strong guidance and input from Maori mental health nurses and the wider Maori mental health sector.  
  Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ Serial 823  
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Author Morrison-Ngatai, E. openurl 
  Title Mai i muri ka haere whakahaere: Maori woman in mental health nursing Type
  Year 2004 Publication Abbreviated Journal Massey University Library  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Mental health; Maori; Female; Psychiatric Nursing  
  Abstract Contents: Chapter 1 Kupu whakataki – introduction; Chapter 2 Raranga mohiotanga – literature review; Chapter 3 To te wahine mana tuku iho – theoretical framework; Chapter 4 Tahuri ki te rangahau – research methodology; Chapter 5 Whakaaturanga whakaoho – beginnings; Chapter 6 Kia pakari – positioning and contesting; Chapter 7 E ara ki runga wahine toa – standing and enduring; Chapter 8 Kua takoto te whariki.  
  Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ Serial 828  
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Author Mosley, B. url  openurl
  Title Seclusion management in an acute in-patient unit Type
  Year 2005 Publication Abbreviated Journal ResearchArchive@Victoria  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Psychiatric Nursing; Patient rights; Hospitals; Workplace violence  
  Abstract This study was developed to explore the use of seclusion in an acute in-patient unit for people with mental illnesses. Investigation into this issue was considered important due to an identified large increase in seclusion use over the previous two years. The study used a qualitative research methodology with a descriptive and interpretive approach. Data collection included a retrospective file audit of patients who had been secluded over the past seven years, and one-to-one staff interviews. It also includes the author's personal reflections of seclusion events. The principle reason for using seclusion was violence and aggression in the context of mental illness. It was also used for people who were at risk of, or who had previously absconded from the unit. A recovery approach and the use of the strengths model was fundamental to nurses' way of working with patients in the unit. Nurses believed that the strengths process should be adapted to the person's level of acuity and to their ability to engage in this approach in a tangible way. Seclusion continues to be a clinical management option in the unit that is the subject of this study. However, in many circumstances there are other options that could be explored so that the utmost consideration is given to the dignity, privacy and safety of that person.  
  Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ 1227 Serial 1212  
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Author Muir-Cochrane, E.; Holmes, C.; Walton, J.A. openurl 
  Title Law and policy in relation to the use of seclusion in psychiatric hospitals in Australia and New Zealand Type Journal Article
  Year 2002 Publication Contemporary Nurse Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 13 Issue 2/3 Pages 136-145  
  Keywords Psychiatric Nursing; Law and legislation; Policy; Patient rights; Cross-cultural comparison  
  Abstract This paper discusses legal issues associated with the seclusion of acutely disturbed patients in psychiatric hospitals in Australia and New Zealand. There continues to be great variation in opinion and operational definition as to whether seclusion is a medical treatment, nursing intervention and management tool, or merely a form of situational restraint. Reflecting this lack of clarity, mental health acts and policies concerning the regulation and practice of seclusion lack consistency and focus across geographical boundaries and jurisdictions. Australian and New Zealand legislation and institutional policy is discussed in order to shed light on the contemporary issues highlighted by this controversial nursing practice. The authors note that mental health professionals must continue to review the practice of seclusion and to actively promote the use of acceptable alternatives. In addition nurses and other mental health professionals have a responsibility to understand current legislation and policy frameworks and to influence change where this is necessary to ensure the best practice possible in their clinical area.  
  Call Number NRSNZNO @ research @ Serial 1074  
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