Abstract: This historical research study examines some of the factors that caused problems for early New Zealand trained nurses upon their introduction into New Zealand hospitals, between 1885 and 1914. Eight incidents in the professional lives of nurses of the period are used as illustrations of the strains and discord that were apparent in this time of change. Analysis of these incidents attempts to answer the question as to whether the introduction of trained nurses into the New Zealand hospital system did add new considerations to problems encountered by nurses in their professional life. The conclusion is that there was a new dimension of difference added to the system with the introduction of the trained nurse. This developed from the evidence that these nurses, particularly if they were also matrons, had to fit into the existing power structures, which were not really ready to accept them, either through choice or lack of foresight. Enmeshed within these considerations is the influence of Florence Nightingale; her effect on nursing itself, and the consequent public and official perception, or misperception, of who nurses should be.