Gallagher, P. (2007). Preconceptions and learning to be a nurse. Nurse Education Today, 27(8), 878–884.
Abstract: This article discusses the important role that preconceptions play in the process by which students learn to be nurses. The importance of preconceptions emerged from the analysis of data in a grounded theory study that sought to gain a greater understanding of how undergraduate student nurses in New Zealand experienced and responded to differences they perceived between the theory and the practice of nursing. It became clear that the preconceptions each student nurse held about the nature of nurses and nursing care were the standards against which the worth of the formal, practical and personal theories to which students were exposed during their nursing degree was evaluated. It was clear that preconceptions functioned as the mediator between the intentions of nursing education and the learning that eventuated for each student from practicum experiences. The implications for nursing education, for which preconceptions are not generally highly valued as a basis for learning about professional nursing, are that the individual experience and personal characteristics of each student receive significant focus when a nursing programme is planned. This means that the orthodox principles that underpin the design of nursing curricula should be reviewed and an overtly constructivist perspective adopted for nursing education for which the prior experiences of the student are the starting point.
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Horsburgh, M., Lamdin, R., & Williamson, E. (2001). Multiprofessional learning: The attitudes of medical, nursing and pharmacy students to shared learning. Medical Education, 35(9), 876–883.
Abstract: This study has sought to quantify the attitudes of first-year medical, nursing and pharmacy students' towards interprofessional learning, at course commencement. The Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) (University of Liverpool, Department of Health Care Education), was administered to first-year medical, nursing and pharmacy students at the University of Auckland. Differences between the three groups were analysed. The majority of students reported positive attitudes towards shared learning. The benefits of shared learning, including the acquisition of teamworking skills, were seen to be beneficial to patient care and likely to enhance professional working relationships. However professional groups differed: nursing and pharmacy students indicated more strongly that an outcome of learning together would be more effective teamworking. Medical students were the least sure of their professional role, and considered that they required the acquisition of more knowledge and skills than nursing or pharmacy students.
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van Rooyen, P., Dixon, D. A., Dixon, G., & Wells, C. C. (2006). Entry criteria as predictor of performance in an undergraduate nursing degree programme. Nurse Education Today, 27(7), 593–600.
Abstract: This research explored the relationship between entry criteria and academic performance in the first and second year bioscience papers at Otago Polytechnic School of Nursing. The School's inclusion of a bioscience requirement varies from the Nursing Council criteria for acceptance into undergraduate nursing programmes. Six hundred and nineteen academic records of 1994-2002 graduates were sampled. Chi-square and correlational analyses found a relationship between entry qualifications and students' academic performance in the two papers. The entry criteria had a stronger relationship with the students' performance in the first year bioscience paper than the second year paper. Performance in the first year was predicative of second year performance. Age was also found to be a useful predictor of grades. These findings support the School's Bioscience entry criteria and provide important information for admission committees.
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Horsburgh, M., Merry, A., Seddon, M., Baker, H., Poole, P., Shaw, J., et al. (2006). Educating for healthcare quality improvement in an interprofessional learning environment: A New Zealand initiative. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 20(5), 555–557.
Abstract: This article describes two interprofessional learning modules offered by the Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences at the University of Auckland to undergraduate medicine, nursing and pharmacy students. The modules, 'Maori Health“ and ”Patient Safety", have a focus on quality improvement in healthcare and are used to bring together students for a shared learning programme.The specific dimensions of healthcare quality covered in the programme are: patient safety, equity, access, effectiveness, efficacy and patient-centeredness.
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Hylton, J. A. (2005). Relearning how to learn: Enrolled nurse transition to degree at a New Zealand rural satellite campus. Nurse Education Today, 25(7), 519–526.
Abstract: This paper reports a study that examined the factors that assisted or hindered the transition of a group of enrolled nurses to registration/degree programmes, via a flexible course developed by a North Island tertiary institution. The study follows ten enrolled nurses, primarily Maori and working in rural settings, as they continued to work while studying at a small satellite campus. The study was exploratory and descriptive, and utilised focus group interviews. Two major categories emerged from comparative analysis of the data. One category entitled 'relearning how to learn', demonstrated the cognitive and behavioural adaptations made and is the focus of this paper. The other category 'barriers and catapults', demonstrated the physical and environmental factors that influenced the students' transition but is outside the scope of this paper. Recent changes in New Zealand nursing education have witnessed the clarification of scopes of nursing practice and the controversial development of a new Certificate in Health Science (Nurse Assistant). Currently enrolled nurses are again facing threats to employment and it is envisaged that many will be seeking to undertake transition to registered nurse in the near future.
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Honey, M., Waterworth, S., Baker, H., & Lenzie-Smith, K. (2006). Reflection in the disability education of undergraduate nurses: An effective learning tool? Journal of Nursing Education, 15(11), 449–453.
Abstract: The aim of this qualitative study was to evaluate the usefulness of formal reflection in the context of undergraduate nursing education during the teaching of a disability module. Reflection is defined as examination and exploration of an issue of concern to help create or clarify meaning.Twelve reflection assignments written by second-year nursing students were analysed. The analysis indicated that students' reflection focused less on their experience of working with people with disabilities and more on their overall learning experience and coping with clinical practice. A central theme, Coping with Clinical Practice, and four sub-themes were identified. Students acknowledged reflection as beneficial to their learning and linked to their clinical practice.
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Horsburgh, M., Perkins, R., Coyle, B., & Degeling, P. (2006). The professional subcultures of students entering medicine, nursing and pharmacy programmes. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 20(4), 425–431.
Abstract: This study sought to determine the attitudes, beliefs and values towards clinical work organisation of students entering undergraduate medicine, nursing and pharmacy programmes in order to frame questions for a wider study. University of Auckland students entering medicine, nursing and pharmacy programmes completed a questionnaire based on that used by Degeling et al. in studies of the professional subcultures working in the health system in Australia, New Zealand, England and elsewhere. Findings indicate that before students commence their education and training medical, nursing and pharmacy students as groups or sub-cultures differ in how they believe clinical work should be organised. Medical students believe that clinical work should be the responsibility of individuals in contrast to nursing students who have a collective view and believe that work should be systemised. Pharmacy students are at a mid-point in this continuum. There are many challenges for undergraduate programmes preparing graduates for modern healthcare practice where the emphasis is on systemised work and team based approaches. These include issues of professional socialisation which begins before students enter programmes, selection of students, attitudinal shifts and interprofessional education.
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Woods, M. (1999). A nursing ethic: The moral voice of experienced nurses. Nursing Ethics, 6(5), 423–433.
Abstract: This article presents discussion on some of the main findings of a recently completed study on nursing ethics in New Zealand. An interpretation of a nurse's story taken from the study is offered and suggestions are made for nursing ethics education.
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Spence, D. (2005). Hermeneutic notions augment cultural safety education. Journal of Nursing Education, 44(9), 409–414.
Abstract: In this article, the author integrates literature pertaining to the implementation of kawa whakaruruhau, or cultural safety, with the findings of a hermeneutic project that described the experience of nursing people from cultures other than one's own. It is argued that the Gadamerian notions of “horizon,” “prejudice,” and “play” can be used to facilitate understanding of the tensions and contradictions inherent in cross-cultural practice. Strategies are recommended that enable students to explore the prejudices, paradoxes, and possibilities experienced personally and professionally.
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Walthew, P. (2004). Conceptions of critical thinking held by nurse educators. Journal of Nursing Education, 43(9), 408–411.
Abstract: This study investigated nurse educators' conceptions of critical thinking used in making judgment related to nursing. Twelve nurse educators from a large nursing school in an urban environment in New Zealand participated in this qualitative study. A semistructured questionnaire was used to explore the nurse educators' conceptions of critical thinking. The study found that the participants viewed rational, logical thinking as a central focus of critical thinking. However, in addition to these traditional perspectives, the nurse educators also included in their conceptions views more commonly held by feminist writers. These aspects focused on attention to intuition, subjective knowing, attention to context, emotions, and caring.
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Pullon, S., & McKinlay, E. M. (2007). Interprofessional learning: The solution to collaborative practice in primary care. The Royal New Zealand College of General Practitioners website, 34(6), 404–408.
Abstract: In this paper the authors outline the basis of interprofessional education, which occurs when members of two or more professions are engaged in learning together. They describe its relationship to primary care clinical practice, where it can lead to collaborative problem-solving approaches, mutual decision making and interdisciplinary teamwork. A New Zealand model of postgraduate interprofessional education is presented. Barriers to the implementation of interprofessional education in New Zealand are identified along with possible solutions.
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Mockett, L., Horsfall, J., & O'Callaghan, W. (2006). Education leadership in the clinical health care setting: A framework for nursing education development. Nurse Education in Practice, 6(6), 404–410.
Abstract: This paper describes how a new framework for clinical nursing education was introduced at Counties Manukau District Health Board. The project was initiated in response to the significant legislative and post registration nursing education changes within New Zealand. The journey of change has been a significant undertaking, and has required clear management, strong leadership, perseverance and understanding of the organisation's culture. The approach taken to managing the change had four stages, and reflects various change management models. The first stage, the identification process, identified the impetus for change. Creating the vision is the second stage and identified what the change would look like within the organisation. To ensure success and to guide the process of change a realistic and sustainable vision was developed. Implementing the vision was the third stage, and discusses the communication and pilot phase of implementing the nursing education framework. Stage four, embedding the vision, explores the process and experiences of changing an education culture and embedding the vision into an organisation. The paper concludes by discussing the importance of implementing robust, consistent, strategic and collaborative processes that reflect and evaluate best educational nursing practice.
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Nicol, M. J. (2002). The teaching of genetics in New Zealand undergraduate nursing programmes. Nurse Education Today, 22(5), 401–408.
Abstract: This paper reports the results of a survey to determine how much genetics is taught in the bioscience component of the three-year Bachelor of Nursing degree offered by 16 tertiary education institutes in New Zealand. A questionnaire was mailed to the bioscience lecturers seeking information on the bioscience and genetics content of current programmes. They were also asked to indicate their perception of the impact and relevance of new genetic knowledge on health care and nursing education. Results indicated that on average 250-350 hours are devoted to the teaching of biosciences. Less than 10 hours are devoted to genetics at 66% of institutes, one institute did not teach any aspect of genetics. None of the institutes taught more than 20 hours of genetics in the programme, although 47% of lecturers said they would like to teach more genetics if there were more time available in the curriculum. Lecturers teaching bioscience to Bachelor of Nursing students are aware of the importance of genetics in health care and to nursing in particular, and the majority are of the opinion that more genetics should be included in undergraduate programmes, however 'curriculum crowding' is a problem.
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Stewart, L. (2018). Student nurse knowledge and attitudes about ageing, older people and working with them: does nursing education make a difference? Ph.D. thesis, University of Auckland, Auckland.
Abstract: Develops, implements, and evaluates educational interventions to teach students about the ageing process, older people and how to work with them. Enrols students from a Bachelor of Nursing programme over a four-year period from 2011 to 2012, employing a multi-method approach including focus groups, a questionnaire and an analysis of course documents. Reveals how student nurses' attitudes alter during their course of study.
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Lim, A. G., Honey, M., & Kilpatrick, J. (2007). Framework for teaching pharmacology to prepare graduate nurse for prescribing in New Zealand. Nurse Education in Practice, 7(5), 348–353.
Abstract: The educational framework used to teach pharmacology to nurses by one university in New Zealand is presented, along with early findings on the effectiveness of this approach. Nurse prescribing is relatively new in New Zealand and is related to the expanding roles and opportunities for nurses in health care. Opposition to nurse prescribing in New Zealand has been marked and often this has been linked to concerns over patient safety with the implication that nurses could not be adequately prepared for safe prescribing.
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