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Clendon, J., & McBride-Henry, K. (2014). History of the Child Health and Development Book : part 1, 1920 to 1945. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 30(1), 29–41.
Abstract: Traces the history of the Plunket Book, or Well Child/Tamariki Ora Health Book, during the years 1920-1945, chronicling the development of a medicalised relationship between mothers and health professionals during this era.
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Clendon, J., & McBride-Henry, K. (2014). History of the Child Health and Development Book : part 2: 1945-2000. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 30(2), 5–17.
Abstract: Highlights how women challenged the concept of 'medicalised mothering' during the period 1945-2000, and how these views affected the development of the Well Child/Tamariki Ora Health book, or Plunket book. Analyses how the language of the book reflects tensions between competing discourses and knowledge sources among mothers and health professionals.
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Wood, P. J., & Nelson, K. (2013). The journal Kai Tiaki's role in developing research capability in New Zealand nursing, 1908-1959. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 29(1), 12–22.
Abstract: Undertakes an analysis of past issues of Kai Tiaki over the five decades following its establishment in 1908 to identify the antecedents to the development of research in NZ nursing from the 1970s. Demonstrates how the journal fostered nurses' awareness of research and promoted nursing scholarship, by publishing case studies, holding essay competitions, and published nurses' articles on practice or professional issues.
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Wood, P. J. (2011). Understanding and evaluating historical sources in nursing history research. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 27(1), 25–33.
Abstract: Describes four historical sources relevant to the history of nursing in NZ. Uses them to explain how nurse researchers can evaluate their research material. Outlines the five dimensions of evaluation: provenance, purpose, context, veracity, and usefulness. Explains the questions that must be addressed in each dimension of the evaluation. Illustrates the different kinds of information available in the 4 selected historical sources, by references to individual nurses.
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Jacobs, S., & Boddy, J. M. (2008). The genesis of advanced nursing practice in New Zealand: Policy, politics and education. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 24(1 (Mar)), 11–22.
Abstract: This contemporary historical study examines the health sector environment of the 1990s and the turn of the 21st century, and assesses the policy initiatives undertaken to advance nursing in New Zealand during that period. The authors look at the conditions and forces that saw nursing achieve a new emphasis on advanced and expanded scope of nursing practice, less than a decade after the commencement of New Zealand's first pre-registration nursing degrees.
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Diers, D. (2008). “Noses and eyes”: Nurse practitioners in New Zealand. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 24(1 (Mar)), 4–10.
Abstract: Principles for understanding and evolving nurse practitioner practice, politics and policy are distilled from 40 years of experience in the United States and Australia. The issues in all countries are remarkably similar. The author suggests that some historical and conceptual grounding may assist the continuing development of this expanded role for nursing in New Zealand.
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Chenery, K. (2004). Family-centred care: Understanding our past (Vol. 20).
Abstract: Oral history accounts of the care of the hospitalised child in the context of family are used to argue that current practice paradoxes in family-centred care are historically ingrained. The article looks at the post-war period, the intervening years, and current practice, centred on the changing concept of motherhood throughout that time. The conflict between clinical expediency versus family and child needs is explored.
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Jacobs, S. (2003). Advanced nursing practice: Time and meaning. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 19(3), 29–39.
Abstract: The particular, contemporary meanings ascribed to “advanced nursing practice” in New Zealand have been debated and delineated in the 1990s, culminating in the launch of the nurse practitioner role at a conference sponsored by the Ministry of Health and the Nursing Council of New Zealand in August, 2001. Drawing on archival materials, documents, other texts and voices, this article explores the evolution of connotations and meanings of the word “advanced” as applied to nursing in New Zealand. The focus is on clinical practice, research, teaching, consulting, higher education, and advancement of the profession. Historical aspects of advancement in New Zealand nursing are examined, including registration, unsupervised practice, technical specialisation, and career development.
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Spence, D. (2001). The evolving meaning of 'culture' in New Zealand nursing. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 17(3), 51–61.
Abstract: The author traces the nursing definition of biculturalism as it has evolved from the colonial period to the present. An examination of nursing literature demonstrates that local understandings of culture have matured beyond anthropological interpretations to a sociopolitical definition of Maori culture. The author suggests that, in nursing, culture has come to mean cultural safety.
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Papps, E. (2001). (Re)positioning nursing: Watch this space. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 17(2), 4–12.
Abstract: This paper traces the emergence of categories of nurse over the last hundred years from the time that the Nurses Registration Act became law in 1901. Insights from the work of Michel Foucault are utilised to show how nurses and nursing have been historically shaped and positioned. It is suggested that the recent endorsement by the Nursing Council of New Zealand of the concept and title of 'nurse practitioner' represents an opportunity for nurses to imagine what might be constructed for their roles.
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Gage, J., & Hornblow, A. R. (2007). Development of the New Zealand nursing workforce: Historical themes and current challenges. Nursing Inquiry, 14(4), 330–334.
Abstract: This article reviews the development of the New Zealand nursing workforce, which has been shaped by social, political, scientific and interprofessional forces. The unregulated, independent and often untrained nurses of the early colonial period were succeeded in the early 1900s by registered nurses, with hospital-based training, working in a subordinate role to medical practitioners. In the mid/late 1900s, greater specialisation within an expanding workforce, restructuring of nursing education, health sector reform, and changing social and political expectations again reshaped nursing practice. Nursing now has areas of increasing autonomy, expanding opportunities for postgraduate education and leadership roles, and a relationship with medicine, which is more collaborative than in the past. Three current challenges are identified for nursing in New Zealand's rapidly evolving health sector; development of a nursing-focused knowledge culture, strengthening of research capacity, and dissemination of new nursing knowledge.
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Richardson, S. (2004). Aoteaoroa/New Zealand nursing: From eugenics to cultural safety. Nursing Inquiry, 11(1), 35–42.
Abstract: The concept of cultural safety offers a unique approach to nursing practice, based on recognition of the power differentials inherent in any interaction. Clarification of the concept is offered, together with a review of the historical shift in nursing attitudes that has led to the emergence of “cultural safety” as a viable and valued component of nursing practice. The argument is made that cultural safety has allowed for a more reflective, critical understanding of the actions of nursing to develop. This includes recognition that nurses' attitudes and values have inevitably been influenced by social and political forces, and as such are in part reflective of those within the wider community. Comparison between the support given by nurses in the early 1900s to the theory of eugenics and the current acceptance of cultural safety is used to highlight this point. An examination of the literature identifies that ideological and conceptual changes have occurred in the approach of Aoteaoroa/New Zealand nurses to issues with cultural implications for practice. A review of background factors relating to Maori health status and the Treaty of Waitangi is presented as a necessary context to the overall discussion. The discussion concludes with an acknowledgement that while the rhetoric of cultural safety is now part of nursing culture in New Zealand, there is no firm evidence to evaluate its impact in practice. Issues identified as impacting on the ability to assess/research a concept, such as cultural safety, are discussed. For cultural safety to become recognised as a credible (and indispensable) tool, it is necessary to further examine the “end-point” or “outcomes” of the process.
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Harding, T. S. (2004). Male nurses: The struggle for acceptance. Kai Tiaki: Nursing New Zealand, 9(4), 17–19.
Abstract: This article describes the role of men in the nursing profession in New Zealand from colonial times to the 1970s. It considers attitudes towards male nurses, the provision of training for men and the various laws and regulations dealing with the issue.
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Warren, S. (2002). Cultural safety, where does it fit? A literature review. Vision: A Journal of Nursing, 8(14), 27–30.
Abstract: This literature review discusses the history of the inclusion of culture into nursing studies. There is a small sample of overseas literature for critique with a focus on the inclusion of cultural safety in New Zealand. The concept of cultural safety was first introduced into New Zealand in the late 1980s. It was adopted by the New Zealand Nursing Council for nurses and midwives in 1992 and became part of the basic curriculum for nursing and midwifery education.
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O'Brien, A. J. (2001). The therapeutic relationship: Historical development and contemporary significance. Journal of Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing, 8(2), 129–137.
Abstract: This article examines the therapeutic relationship, a concept held by many to be fundamental to the identity of mental health nurses. While the therapeutic relationship was given formal expression in nursing theory in the middle of the last century, its origins can be traced to attendants' interpersonal practices in the asylum era. The dominance of medical understandings of mental distress, and the working-class status of asylum attendants, prevented the development of an account of mental health nursing based on attendants' relationships with asylum inmates. It was left to Peplau and other nursing theorists to describe mental health nursing as a therapeutic relationship in the 1940s and later. Some distinctive features of colonial life in New Zealand suggest that the ideal of the attendant as the embodiment of bourgeoisie values seems particularly unlikely to have been realised in the New Zealand context. However, New Zealand literature from the 20th century shows that the therapeutic relationship, as part of a general development of a therapeutic discourse, came to assume a central place in conceptualisations of mental health nursing. While the therapeutic relationship is not by itself a sufficient basis for professional continuity, it continues to play a fundamental role in mental health nurses' professional identity. The way in which the therapeutic relationship is articulated in the future will determine the meaning of the therapeutic relationship for future generations of mental health nurses.
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