Kiata, L., Kerse, N., & Dixon, R. (2005). Residential care workers and residents: The New Zealand story. Access is free to articles older than 6 months, and abstracts., 118(1214).
Abstract: The aim of this study was to describe the nature and size of long-term residential care homes in New Zealand; funding of facilities; and the ethnic and gender composition of residents and residential care workers nationwide. A postal, fax, and email survey of all long-term residential care homes in New Zealand was undertaken, with completed surveys received from an eligible 845 facilities (response rate: 55%). The majority of these (54%) facilities housed less than 30 residents. Of the 438 (94%) facilities completing the questions about residents' ethnicity, 432 (99%) housed residents from New Zealand European (Pakeha) descent, 156 (33%) housed at least 1 Maori resident, 71 (15%) at least 1 Pacific (Islands) resident, and 61 (13%) housed at least 1 Asian resident. Facilities employed a range of ethnically diverse staff, with 66% reporting Maori staff. Less than half of all facilities employed Pacific staff (43%) and Asian staff (33%). Registered nursing staff were mainly between 46 and 60 years (47%), and healthcare assistant staff were mostly between 25 and 45 years old (52%). Wide regional variation in the ethnic make up of staff was reported. About half of all staff were reported to have moved within the previous 2 years. The authors conclude that the age and turnover of the residential care workforce suggests the industry continues to be under threat from staffing shortages. While few ethnic minority residents live in long-term care facilities, staff come from diverse backgrounds, especially in certain regions.
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Hardy, D. J., O'Brien, A. P., Gaskin, C. J., O'Brien, A. J., Morrison-Ngatai, E., Skews, G., et al. (2004). Practical application of the Delphi technique in a bicultural mental health nursing study in New Zealand. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 46(1), 95–109.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to detail the practical application of the Delphi technique as a culturally and clinically valid means of accessing expert opinion on the importance of clinical criteria. Reference is made to a bicultural New Zealand mental health nursing clinical indicator study that employed a three-round reactive Delphi survey. Equal proportions of Maori and non-Maori nurses (n = 20) and consumers (n = 10) rated the importance of 91 clinical indicator statements for the achievement of professional practice standards. Additional statements (n = 21) suggested by Delphi participants in round 1 were included in subsequent rounds. In round 2, participants explained the rating they applied to statements that had not reached consensus in round 1, and summarised responses were provided to participants in round 3. Consensus was considered to have been achieved if 85% of round 3 ratings lay within a 2-point bracket on the 5-point Likert-scale overall, or in one of the Maori nurse, non-Maori nurse, or consumer groups. A mean rating of 4.5 after round 3 was set as the importance threshold. Consensus occurred overall on 75 statements, and within groups on another 24. Most statements (n = 86) reached the importance benchmark. The authors conclude that when rigorous methods of participant selection, group composition, participant feedback, and determination of consensus and importance are employed, the Delphi technique is a reliable, cost-effective means of obtaining and prioritising experts' judgements.
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Richardson, F. I., & Carryer, J. B. (2005). Teaching cultural safety in a New Zealand nursing education program. Journal of Nursing Education, 44(5), 201–208.
Abstract: This article describes the findings of a research study on the experience of teaching cultural safety. As a teacher of cultural safety, the first author was interested in exploring the experience of teaching the topic with other cultural safety teachers. A qualitative approach situated in a critical theory paradigm was used for the study. The study was informed by the ideas of Foucault and feminist theory. Fourteen women between ages 20 and 60 were interviewed about their experience of teaching cultural safety. Five women were Maori and 9 were Pakeha. Following data analysis, three major themes were identified: that the Treaty of Waitangi provides for an examination of power in cultural safety education; that the broad concept of difference influences the experience of teaching cultural safety; and that the experience of teaching cultural safety has personal, professional, and political dimensions. These dimensions were experienced differently by Maori and Pakeha teachers.
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Wiapo, C., Sami, L., Komene, E., Wilkinson, S., Davis, J., Cooper, B., et al. (2023). From kaimahi to enrolled nurse: A successful workforce initiative to increase Maori nurses in primary health care. Nursing Praxis in Aotearoa New Zealand, 39(1). Retrieved May 16, 2024, from http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36951/001c.74476
Abstract: Describes a national initiative to increase the capacity and capability of the Maori health workforce by supporting kaimahi (unregulated health workers) to become enrolled nurses (EN) delivering care within their communities. Uses Kaupapa Maori principles to create a strengths-based framework, focusing on self-determination and validating Matauranga Maori (Maori knowledge). Outlines the key components of the Earn as you Learn model.
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Zambas, S., Dewar, J., & McGregor, J. (2023). The Maori student nurse experience of cohorting: Enhancing retention and professional identity as a Maori nurse. Nursing Praxis in Aotearoa New Zealand, 39(1). Retrieved May 16, 2024, from http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36951/001c.73358
Abstract: Identifies cohorting as a culturally-responsive teaching and learning strategy, which in the case of a Bachelor of Health Science Nursing programme led to whanaungatanga (connection), tikanga (correct practice), wananga (learning conversation), and manaakitanga (ethic of care) among the Maori cohorts. Conducts focus groups with students in years two and three of the programme to explore their experiences.
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Komene, E., Sami, L., Wiapo, C., Davis, J., & Adams, S. (2023). Whakaropu: an exemplar fostering professional development and cultural growth with a collective grouping of Maori and Pacific nurses. Nursing Praxis in Aotearoa New Zealand, 39(2). Retrieved May 16, 2024, from http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36951/001c.90845
Abstract: Reports on the experiences of five Maori and two Pacific nurses, and three senior indigenous nurse leaders, of being involved in a whakaropu (collective grouping) to attend and present at the National Enrolled Nurse Conference. Conducts face-to-face and online interviews with the members of the group to determine the value of the innovation to foster learning experiences for Maori and Pacific nurses.
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Wiapo, C., & Clark, T. (2022). Weaving together the many strands of Indigenous nursing leadership: Towards a whakapapa model of nursing leadership. Nursing Praxis in Aotearoa New Zealand, 38(2). Retrieved May 16, 2024, from http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36951/27034542
Abstract: Argues that existing mainstream models of nursing leadership, with the addition of matauranga Maori concepts, can be fused into a new Whakapapa nursing leadership model using a Kaupapa Maori approach, that will enhance outcomes for Maori nurse leaders. Discusses the contribution from four existing leadership models: transformational, adaptive, trait theory, and wayfinder. Explains the six conceptual strands of the Whakapapa model of leadership.
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Komene, E., Adams, S., & Clark, T. (2022). Korero mai: A Kaupapa Maori study exploring the experiences of whanau Maori caring for tamariki with atopic dermatitis. Nursing Praxis in Aotearoa New Zealand, 38(2). Retrieved May 16, 2024, from http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36951/27034542
Abstract: Explores the experiences of Maori parents caring for their children with atopic dermatitis. Conducts face-to-face interviews to uncover the experiences of 6 families dealing with the condition. Identifies five common themes, highlighting the importance of matauranga Maori to the families in supporting their children.
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Adams, S., Cook, C., & Jones, M. (2021). Jocelyn Keith's prescient question about the human right to health and healthcare. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 37(1). Retrieved May 16, 2024, from http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36951/27034542.2021.003
Abstract: Reflects on a paper by Jocelyn Keith delivered at the conference of the Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science, entitled 'The Right to Health or the Right to Health Care'. Places the article in the context of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2006, the UN Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. 2007, and the WHO Sustainable Development Goals, 2015. Considers the need to redress disparities in health in relation to the Health and Disability Systems Review, 2020.
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Hunter, K., Roberts, J., Foster, M., & Jones, S. (2021). Dr Irihapeti Ramsden's powerful petition for cultural safety. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 37(1). Retrieved May 16, 2024, from http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36951/27034542.2021.007
Abstract: Revisits the concepts addressed in Ramsden's speech to nursing graduands in 1990, 'Moving On'. Places the speech in the context of her later articles on cultural safety, in 1993 and 2000. Maintains that the concept is critically relevant in 2021 due to health disparities for Maori.
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McLelland, H., Hindmarsh, J. H., & Akroyd, S. (2021). Effective HPV vaccination with Maori male students: Evaluation of a Kaupapa Maori primary-health-care initiative. Nursing Praxis in Aotearoa New Zealand, 37(2).
Abstract: Reports on a local multi-component initiative to improve local Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage among Maori male students aged 13-17 years in a rural location in Aotearoa New Zealand. Backgrounds the initiative co-designed by the rural health nurse from a community clinic of the Hauora (Maori health provider) and the principal of the local area school, in order to improve health literacy and provide an environment to support student consent to vaccination. Undertakes an evaluation of the initiative in 2018, comprising 10 key informant interviews and a group discussion with eight male students. Identifies the factors associated with the success of the initiative.
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Davis, J., Wiapo, C., Rehana-Tait, H., Clark, T. C., & Adams, S. (2021). Steadfast is the rock: Primary health care Maori nurse leaders discuss tensions, resistance, and their contributions to prioritise communities and whanau during COVID-19. Nursing Praxis in Aotearoa New Zealand, 37(3).
Abstract: Recounts the experiences of 3 Maori nurses in a primary health entity in Northland, NZ as they negotiated with health providers and organisations to protect the health of Maori communities during the first lockdown, in 2020. Emphasises the role of matauranga Maori (Maori knowledge and tradition) in ensuring local Maori were prioritised in the pandemic response in the region.
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Pitama, S., Robertson, P., Cram, F., Gillies, M., Huria, T., & Dalla-Katoa, W. (2007). Meihana model: A clinical assessment framework. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 36(3), 118–125.
Abstract: In 1984 Mason Durie documented a framework for understanding Maori health, Te Whare Tapa Wha, which has subsequently become embedded in Maori health policy. This article presents a specific assessment framework, the Meihana Model, which encompasses the four original cornerstones of Te Whare Tapa Wha, and inserts two additional elements. These form a practice model (alongside Maori beliefs, values and experiences) to guide clinical assessment and intervention with Maori clients and whanau accessing mental health services. This paper outlines the rationale for and background of the Meihana Model and then describes each dimension: whanau, wairua, tinana, hinengaro, taiao and iwi katoa. The model provides a basis for a more comprehensive assessment of clients/whanau to underpin appropriate treatment decisions.
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Chalmers, L. (2020). Responding to the State of the World's Nursing 2020 report in Aotearoa New Zealand: Aligning the nursing workforce to universal health coverage and health equity. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 36(2). Retrieved May 16, 2024, from http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36951/27034542.2020.007
Abstract: Cites recommendations from the WHO's State of the World's Nursing (SOWN) 2020 report that countries invest in local production of nurses, nursing data and management, nursing leadership, nursing education and the regulation of nurses. Argues that NZ must address inequity in Maori health outcomes through growth of its Maori nursing workforce and Maori nursing leadership capacity and capability.
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Low, T., Scott-Chapman, S., & Forrest, R. (2020). Patient experiences of pictogram use during nurse-led rapid-access chest pain clinic consultations in regional Aotearoa New Zealand. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 36(2). Retrieved May 16, 2024, from http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36951/27034542.2020.009
Abstract: Performs a qualitative study exploring the use of a pictogram developed by nurses during a rapid-access chest pain clinic consultation, to assist patient communication about their chest pain. Interviews 10 patients, 5 Maori and 5 non-Maori, for their feedback on the pictogram's usefulness. Considers the utility of the pictogram for both patients and nurses leading the chest pain clinic.
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