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Carryer, J. B., Gardner, G., Dunn, S., & Gardner, A. (2007). The core role of the nurse practitioner: Practice, professionalism and clinical leadership. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 16(10), 1818–1825.
Abstract: This article draws on empirical evidence to illustrate the core role of nurse practitioners in Australia and New Zealand. A study jointly commissioned by both countries' Regulatory Boards developed information of the newly created nurse practitioner role, to develop shared competency and educational standards. This interpretive study used multiple data sources, including published and grey literature, policy documents, nurse practitioner programme curricula and interviews with 15 nurse practitioners from the two countries. The core role of the nurse practitioner was identified as having three components: dynamic practice, professional efficacy and clinical leadership. Nurse practitioner practice is dynamic and involves the application of high level clinical knowledge and skills in a wide range of contexts. The nurse practitioner demonstrates professional efficacy, enhanced by an extended range of autonomy that includes legislated privileges. The nurse practitioner is a clinical leader with a readiness and an obligation to advocate for their client base and their profession at the systems level of health care.
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Huntington, A. D., & Gilmour, J. A. (2005). A life shaped by pain: Women and endometriosis. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 14(9), 1124–1132.
Abstract: The research aim was to explore women's perceptions of living with endometriosis, its effects on their lives and the strategies used to manage their disease. A qualitative research design informed by feminist research principles was chosen for this project. Eighteen women agreed to take part in the research. The individual, audio taped interviews were semi-structured and interactive. The interviews were analysed using a thematic analysis approach. The dominant feature of data from the interviews was the experience of severe and chronic pain impacting on all aspects of life. Analysis related to pain resulted in four themes: manifestations of pain, the pain trajectory, intractable pain and controlling pain. The diagnostic process typically took 5-10 years indicating that primary health care practitioners need higher levels of 'suspicion' for this condition. Case studies and problem-based scenarios focusing on endometriosis in health professional education programmes would enhance diagnostic skills and knowledge development. No formal pain management follow up after diagnosis and treatment meant women actively sought information from other sources as they made major lifestyle changes in the areas of activity and nutrition. Pain management services specifically for women with endometriosis would provide much needed support with this neglected aspect of the disease. The authors conclude this is an area for the development of the nurse practitioner role which, also drawing on the considerable collective expertise of women with endometriosis, could provide significant information and support for women as they manage this highly complex condition.
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Gagan, M. J., Boyd, M., Wysocki, K., & and Williams, D. J. (2014). The first decade of nurse practitioners in New Zealand: A survey of an evolving practice. JAANP, 26(11). Retrieved May 6, 2024, from http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2327-6924.12166
Abstract: Provides an overview of the practices and outcomes of nurse practitioners (NP) across a variety of healthcare specialties since NPs were first registered in 2002. Uses the PEPPA model as a guide for the organisation of data, the discussion of findings, and recommendations for the future.
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Adams, S. (2017). Nurse practitioners in rural primary health care in New Zealand : an institutional ethnography. Ph.D. thesis, Massey University, Auckland. Retrieved May 6, 2024, from http://hdl.handle.net/10179/12816
Abstract: Critically examines the work required to establish nurse practitioner (NP) services in rural primary health care in NZ, using the institutional ethnography approach to the inquiry. Explores the work and experiences that nurses undertook to become NPs delivering rural primary health care services. Considers how these were institutionally-shaped and coordinated. Conducts interviews with a total of 13 NPs and four NP candidates.
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Wilkinson, J. A. (2007). The New Zealand nurse practitioner polemic : a discourse analysis : a thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand. Doctoral thesis, Massey University, Wellington.
Abstract: Traces the development of the nurse practitioner role in NZ since its establishment in 2001, using a discourse analytical approach to examine those discourses that have defined the role. Employs both textual and discursive analysis of texts from published literature and from nine interviews with individuals influential in the evolution of the role. Examines political perspectives and disciplinary practices dating back to the Nurses Registration Act of 1901. Considers the implications of an autonomous nursing profession in both practice and regulation.
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Officer, T. N. (2018). Nurse practitioners and pharmacist prescribers in primary health care: A realist evaluation of the New Zealand experience. Doctoral thesis, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington. Retrieved May 6, 2024, from http://hdl.handle.net/10063/7098
Abstract: Investigates how nurse practitioner and pharmacist prescriber roles are developing in NZ primary health care, and what is needed to better support the future development of these roles. Employs a qualitative research design involving semi-structured interviews of (1) policy, training, and advocacy stakeholders; (2) primary health-care nurse practitioners, pharmacist prescribers, and general practitioners; and (3) patients of advanced practitioners and carers of patients using such services.
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Pirret, A. M. (2013). Nurse practitioner diagnostic reasoning. Ph.D. thesis, Massey University, Palmerston Nursing.
Abstract: Uses a post-positivist mixed-methods convergent-parallel design to explore nurse practitioner diagnostic reasoning and compare it to that of registrars. Includes 30 nurse practitioners and 16 registrars in a case scenario. Outlines nurse practitioner practice in NZ and how the NZ title of nurse practitioner differs from that used internationally.
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Mustafa, M., Adams, S., Bareham, C., & Carryer, J. (2021). Employing nurse practitioners in general practice: an exploratory survey of the perspectives of managers. Journal of Primary Health Care, 13(3). Retrieved May 6, 2024, from http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc21036
Abstract: Explores the perspectives of practice managers on employing nurse practitioners (NP) in general practice. Uses an electronic survey to collect demographic and numerical data, which were analysed descriptively and analytically using SPSS (version 26). Written answers to open-ended questions were analysed qualitatively.
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Gardner, A., Hase, S., Gardner, G., Dunn, S., & Carryer, J. B. (2008). From competence to capability: A study of nurse practitioners in clinical practice. Author copy available 12 months after publication from QUT ePrints, 17(2), 250–258.
Abstract: This research aimed to understand the level and scope of practice of the nurse practitioner in Australia and New Zealand further using a capability framework. The original study, from which the present paper was developed, sought to identify competency standards for the extended role of the nurse practitioner in Australia and New Zealand. In doing so the researchers became aware that while competencies described many of the characteristics of the nurse practitioner they did not manage to tell the whole story. In a search of the literature, the concept of capability appeared to provide a potentially useful construct to describe the attributes of the nurse practitioner that went beyond competence. A secondary analysis of data obtained from the interviews with 15 nurse practitioners working in Australia and New Zealand was undertaken. The analysis showed that capability and its dimensions is a useful model for describing the advanced level attributes of nurse practitioners. Thus, nurse practitioners described elements of their practice that involved: using their competences in novel and complex situations as well as the familiar; being creative and innovative; knowing how to learn; having a high level of self-efficacy; and working well in teams. This study suggests dimensions of capability need to be considered in the education and evaluation of nurse practitioners.
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Poot, B., Nelson, K., Zonneveld, R., & Weatherall, M. (2020). Potentially inappropriate medicine prescribing by nurse practitioners in New Zealand. JAANP, 32(3). Retrieved May 6, 2024, from http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/JXX.0000000000000239
Abstract: Reports the prescribing of potentially-inappropriate medicines (PIM) to older adults (> 65 years). Undertakes a subset analysis of data from the Ministry of Health pharmaceutical collection for the years 2013-2015. Includes nurse practitioner (NP) registration number, medicines dispensed, patient age, gender and NZ Deprivation level. Uses the Beers 2015 criteria to identify PIM. Details the medicines most commonly inappropriately prescribed.
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Holloway, K. T. (2011). Development of a specialist nursing framework for New Zealand. Doctoral thesis, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia. Retrieved May 6, 2024, from http://hdl.handle.net/10453/20322
Abstract: Expresses concern that inconsistent specialist nursing workforce planning and pathways for nursing practice development will adversely affect needed service provision for the population. Reports the outcomes of research, which suggests an alternate approach through the development of a single unified capability framework for specialist nursing practice in NZ. Uses a qualitative descriptive and exploratory multi-method enquiry approach to review extant understandings and develop a consensus framework, identifying the essential elements required for a single national framework for specialist nursing in NZ. Widens the understanding of a more holistic approach to specialist nursing development, which holds great promise for the specialist nursing workforce in NZ and internationally.
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Alcorn, G. (2007). The youth health specialty in New Zealand: Collaborative practice and future development. The Royal New Zealand College of General Practitioners website, 34(3), 162–167.
Abstract: This paper details the workforce capacity of youth health nursing and medical staffing required for community-based and school-based youth health services. The author shows how youth health services seek to complement the care delivered by Primary Health Organisations (PHOs) and other allied health care services in the community. She outlines the development and operation at VIBE, a community-based youth health service in the Hutt Valley with school-based youth health services delivered at four low deciles secondary schools. She explains that developing workforce capacity for youth health services is a primary health care priority and an important means to address inequalities and to improve the health services of young people.
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Gubb, A. (2020). Rural nurse practitioner role to improve outcomes for Thames-Coromandel community. Master's thesis, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland. Retrieved May 6, 2024, from http://hdl.handle.net/10292/13468
Abstract: Maintains that the Nurse Practitioner (NP) role has the potential to achieve more equitable outcomes for rural populations, particularly for older adults in their transition from hospital to the rural setting. Examines how NPs can reduce readmissions, from a thematic analysis of the literature using a realist synthesis approach, focusing on the Thames Coromandel rural community. Derives three themes from the analysis: self-efficacy, holistic care, and care grounded in nursing philosophy.
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McElroy, J. Maternity outcomes and access following regulatory changes for Isotretinoin prescribing in New Zealand (Vol. 2017). Master's thesis, University of Otago, . Retrieved May 6, 2024, from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/7538
Abstract: Analyses retrospective prescription data for the years 2007-2015 to determine how access to isotretinoin altered before and after funded access was extended from dermatologists to include GPs and nurse practitioners who obtained a Special Authority. Assesses maternity outcomes for females dispensed the drug with regard to pregnancy terminations and isotretinoin-exposed live births. Examines outcomes based on type of prescriber and use or otherwise of the Best Practice Advocacy Centre (BPAC) electronic isotretinoin decision-support tool.
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Laidlaw, R., & Mercer, C. (2022). Nurse practitioners: does home visiting improve outcomes for people living with long-term conditions. Kai Tiaki Nursing Research, 13(1), 39–41.
Abstract: Explores the potential for nurse practitioners (NP) in NZ to visit people diagnosed with chronic condiitons at home. Evaluates whether home-visiting NPs could provide primary care in place of GPs. Conducts a review of research comprising three themes: reduced barriers to care, improved health outcomes, and role clarity for NPs.
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