Abstract: This is the first of three chapters that describe nursing practice. The author presents the Rural Framework Wheel to elaborate aspects of the rural context. The Framework comprises four systems which describe aspects of rurality; being are socio-cultural, occupational, ecological, and health. These systems each comprise of subsystems, which provide a detailed analysis of the way nursing practice is particular in diverse rural settings. The Framework is presented as a work in progress, and is grounded in international nursing literature. It highlights rural nursing as a unique and challenging field, with the dominant themes of partnership and nursing emerging as underpinning the practice when nurses live and work in small, sometimes isolated communities.

Abstract: This systematic review was conducted by the New Zealand Centre for Evidence Based Nursing, a collaborating centre of The Joanna Briggs Institute for Evidence Based Nursing and Midwifery. The aim was to present the best available evidence on interventions, which are effective in preventing or reducing the prevalence of complications associated with suctioning, in hospitalised adult patients with an artificial airway who are breathing spontaneously or are artificially ventilated and who require suctioning. The specific questions addressed were as follows: Which methods of suctioning reduce the prevalence of mucosal trauma or mucosal dysfunction, and promote the removal of respiratory secretions? Which techniques or methods are effective in reducing the occurrence of suctioning -induced hypoxaemia, during or following the suctioning procedure? Which techniques or methods are effective in minimising the haemodynamic or pulmonary complications associated with the suctioning procedure?

Abstract: Offers a NZ perspective on direction and delegation, a professional competency required of all NZ nurses. Explores nurses' perceptions about their direction and delegation experiences using a narrative approach, reflecting the importance of story in nursing. Uses the methodology and methods of narrative research to uncover how Enrolled and Registered Nurses understand the knowledge, skills and attitudes required during delegation interactions and how they applied this understanding to their communication. Identifies eight patterns, presented as eight narratives, that emerged from interviews with Enrolled and Registered Nurses, and the implications for nursing practice, research, policy design, and nursing education.

Abstract: Aims to understand the factors that encourage motivation and engagement of caregivers who are relatively poorly paid, with limited training, but who are required to provide personal care to an increasingly frail population. Undertakes an initial exploratory study, with participants from four rural aged-residential care (ARC) facilities, to identify three key themes that influence caregiver motivation. Subsequently develops these initial themes, within a 42-bed facility, to explore how to encourage caregiver motivation. Bases the four-step process on Lewin’s cycle: plan, act, observe, and reflect. Establishes an advisory group of caregivers who develop a nine-point action plan, accepted by management and implemented in the facility.

Abstract: Explores, through kaupapa Māori (Māori ideology) research principles, the fundamental concepts guiding ten Māori nurses working in end-of-life care settings. Identifies the concepts of whanaungatanga (establishing connections), manaakitanga (generosity and care for others), and kaitiakitanga (guardianship) as central to the practice of these Māori nurses along with the ethical principles of tika (the right way), pono (honesty) and aroha (generosity of spirit). Describes how these concepts and principles shape how these Māori nurses cared for their Māori patients and whānau, and for themselves. Stresses the need for the health system to better understand the Maori world view on death and dying.

Abstract: Presents the findings of an integrative literature review exploring the possibility of applying Historical Trauma Theory to nursing practice. Uses Kaupapa Maori research methodology to apply Historical Trauma Theory to health care practice, in a Maori context. Considers how trauma theory can be used to support Wilson and Barton's Te Kapunga Putohe nursing model.

Abstract: Uses a systematic literature review to identify the following themes in health informatics research: conceptualisation of health informatics; big data analytics (BDA) in health informatics; types of health information systems; history of health informatics; and teaching nursing informatics. Concentrates on devices, methods, and interventions needed to promote the attainment of big-data analytics in health informatics and its use in medical and health decision-making.

Abstract: Identifies how traditional nursing practice in Maori communities may be enhanced. Highlights the need for nursing to broaden concepts of health, community, and public health nursing, to focus on issues of capacity-building, community needs, and a broader understanding of the social, political, cultural, and economic contexts of the communities primary health-care nurses serve. Explores how health is experienced by Maori women during in-depth interviews using critical ethnographic method, underpinned by a Maori-centred approach. Articulates a model of health that is a dynamic process based on the restoration and maintenance of cultural integrity, derived from the principle of self-determination.