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Farrow, T. (2003). 'No suicide contracts' in community crisis situations: A conceptual analysis. Journal of Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing, 10(2), 199–202.
Abstract: 'No suicide contracts' take the form of a 'guarantee of safety', along with a 'promise' to call specified persons if the suicidal ideation becomes unmanageable for the person concerned. They are commonly used in community crisis situations with suicidal people in New Zealand. This article describes and analyses the use of 'no suicide contracts' in these settings. It is argued that the theoretical base (transactional analysis) of the 'no suicide contract' is likely to be deleterious in the community crisis situation.
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Smythe, E. (2003). Uncovering the meaning of 'being safe' in practice. Contemporary Nurse, 14(2), 196–204.
Abstract: This paper moves away from the prevalent discourse of competence to consider the meaning of the experience of 'being safe' within the context of childbirth. It offers findings from a doctoral study, informed by the philosophies of Heidegger and Gadamer. Following ethical approval, the data was collected in New Zealand by tape-recorded interviews of 5 midwives, 4 obstetricians, 1 general practitioner and 10 women. The method was informed by van Manen. The findings reveal that in seeking the meaning of being safe one needs to be aware that the unsafety may already be present in the situation. Practitioners may be able to do little to rectify the unsafeness. There is, however, a spirit of safe practice, explicated in this paper, that is likely to make practice as safe as it can possibly be. Wise practitioners are ever mindful that a situation may be or become unsafe, and are always aware of their own limitations.
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Stone, P. W., Tourangeau, A. E., Duffield, C. M., Hughes, F., Jones, C. A., O'Brien-Pallas, L., et al. (2003). Evidence of nurse working conditions: A global perspective. Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice, 4(2), 120–130.
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to review evidence about nurse workload, staffing, skill mix, turnover, and organisational characteristics' effect on outcomes; discuss methodological considerations in this research; discuss research initiatives currently under way; review policy initiatives in different countries; and make recommendations where more research is needed. Overall, an understanding of the relationships among nurse staffing and organisational climate to patient safety and health outcomes is beginning to emerge in the literature. Little is known about nursing turnover and more evidence is needed with consistent definitions and control of underlying patient characteristics. Research and policy initiatives in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States are summarised.
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Ho, T., & Mok, J. (2003). Condensate clearance from CPAP circuit: An examination of two methods of draining condensate from the inspiratory tubing. Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 9(4), 117–120.
Abstract: Clinical studies on adult ventilated patients demonstrate that bacterial contamination of the condensate occurs in ventilator circuits. The purpose of this research is to find out if this is also true of the condensate in the Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) circuit. It aims to determine whether there is bacterial contamination in the humidifier reservoir of the CPAP system when the condensate is drained back into the humidifier reservoir without disconnecting the circuit, or when the inspiratory tubing is disconnected to drain out the condensate.
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Macfie, B. (2003). The exploration of primary health care nursing for child and family health : Margaret May Blackwell Travel Study Fellowship, 2002. Margaret May Blackwell Travel Study Fellowship Reports. New Zealand: Nursing Education and Research Foundation (NERF).
Abstract: Reports the approach to child and family health nursing in Canada, the US, and the UK. Divides the report into health policy, primary health care services, nursing education and the development of primary health care nurse practitioners, and nursing leadership in primary health care. Part of the Margaret May Blackwell Scholarship Reports series.
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Day, W. (2003). Women and cardiac rehabilitation: A review of the literature. Contemporary Nurse, 16(1-2), 92–101.
Abstract: This literature review explores some of the issues related to women's experience of cardiac rehabilitation and demonstrates that women's experience may be different to that of men. Much of the research related to coronary heart disease (CHD) has been performed using either exclusively male populations or such small numbers of women that the results from the women studied were unable to be analysed independently. The author advocates that nurses working within this area of practice require an understanding of women's experience of recovery from a heart attack in order to better meet their needs.
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Lui, D. M. K. (2003). Nursing and midwifery attitudes towards withdrawal of care in a neonatal intensive care unit: Part 2. Survey results. Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 9(3), 91–96.
Abstract: Discontinuation of life support measures for an extremely low birthweight or very premature baby is controversial and difficult for both the parents and the healthcare professional involved in caring for the infant. This study seeks to investigate the attitude of nurses and midwives to the withdrawal of care from sick neonates. Part 1 reviewed the literature on this subject. Part 2 reports the results of a survey carried out in a New Zealand NICU.
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McKenna, B., Smith, N. A., Poole, S., & Coverdale, J. (2003). Horizontal violence: Experiences of registered nurses in their first year of practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 42(1), 90–96.
Abstract: The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of horizontal violence, or bullying, experienced by nurses in their first year of practice; to describe the characteristics of the most distressing incidents experienced; to determine the consequences, and measure the psychological impact, of such events; and to determine the adequacy of training received to manage horizontal violence. An anonymous survey was mailed to 1169 nurses in New Zealand who had registered in the year prior to November 2000 with a response rate of 47%. Many new graduates experienced horizontal violence across all clinical settings. Absenteeism from work, the high number of respondents who considered leaving nursing, and scores on the Impact of Event Scale all indicated the serious impact of interpersonal conflict. Nearly half of the events described were not reported, only 12% of those who described a distressing incident received formal debriefing, and the majority of respondents had no training to manage the behaviour.
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Fielden, J. (2003). Grief as a transformative experience: Weaving through different lifeworlds after a loved one has completed suicide. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 12(1), 74–85.
Abstract: This research is an exploration and interpretation of the lived experiences of family members since they lost a close family member to suicidal death. The findings have implications for nurses and counsellors working in the area of suicide bereavement. Heidegger's hermeneutic phenomenology was utilised and informed by van Manen's and Benner's work. Data from in-depth interviews with six participants, the researcher's journal entries and published literature were analysed. Findings gave rise to a grief model where suicide survivors moved through four modes of being-in-the-world characterized by 13 lifeworlds or themes. Surviving suicide was a transformative process that in time enabled survivors to discover new ways of understanding and relating to the world.
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McKenna, B., Poole, S., Smith, N. A., Coverdale, J., & Gale, C. (2003). A survey of threats and violent behaviour by patients against registered nurses in their first year of practice (Vol. 12).
Abstract: For this study, an anonymous survey was sent to registered nurses in their first year of practice. From the 1169 survey instruments that were distributed, 551 were returned completed (a response rate of 47%). The most common inappropriate behaviour by patients involved verbal threats, verbal sexual harassment, and physical intimidation. There were 22 incidents of assault requiring medical intervention and 21 incidents of participants being stalked by patients. Male graduates and younger nurses were especially vulnerable. Mental health was the service area most at risk. A most distressing incident was described by 123 (22%) of respondents. The level of distress caused by the incident was rated by 68 of the 123 respondents (55%) as moderate or severe. Only half of those who described a most distressing event indicated they had some undergraduate training in protecting against assault or in managing potentially violent incidents. After registration, 45 (37%) indicated they had received such training. The findings of this study indicate priorities for effective prevention programmes.
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Jonsdottir, H., Litchfield, M., & Pharris, M. (2003). Partnership in practice. Research & Theory for Nursing Practice, 17(1), 51–63.
Abstract: This article presents a reconsideration of partnership between nurse and client as the core of the nursing discipline. It points to the significance of the relational nature of partnership, differentiating its features and form from the prevalent understanding associated with prescriptive interventions to achieve predetermined goals and outcomes. The meaning of partnership is presented within the nursing process where the caring presence of the nurse becomes integral to the health experience of the client as the potential for action. Exemplars provide illustration of this emerging view in practice and research. This is the first of a series of articles written as a partnership between nurse scholars from Iceland, New Zealand and the USA. The series draws on research projects that explored the philosophical, theoretical, ethical and practical nature of nursing practice and its significance for health and healthcare in a world of changing need.
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Cowan, L. M., Deering, D., Crowe, M., Sellman, D., Futterman-Collier, A., & Adamson, S. (2003). Alcohol and drug treatment for women: Clinicians' beliefs and practice. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 12(1), 48–55.
Abstract: The present paper reports on the results of a telephone survey of 217 alcohol and drug treatment clinicians on their beliefs and practice, in relation to service provision for women. Nurses comprised the second largest professional group surveyed. Seventy-eight percent of clinicians believed that women's treatment needs differed from men's and 74% reported a range of approaches and interventions, such as assisting with parenting issues and referral to women-only programmes. Several differences emerged in relation to approaches and interventions used, depending on clinician gender, work setting and proportion of women on clinicians' caseload. Implications for mental health nursing include the need to more systematically incorporate gender-based treatment needs into practice and undergraduate and postgraduate education and training programmes.
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Lui, D. M. K. (2003). Nursing and midwifery attitudes towards withdrawal of care in a neonatal intensive care unit: Part 1. Literature review. Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 9(2), 45–47.
Abstract: This article seeks to investigate the attitude of nurses and midwives to the withdrawal of care from sick neonates. Advanced technology results in the survival of increasingly premature babies with extremely low birthweights and this has inevitably led to an increase in the ethical dilemmas faced by neonatal staff as to whether continued treatment is actually in the best interests of these infants. Part 1 reviews the literature on this subject. Part 2 describes the results of a survey carried out in a New Zealand NICU.
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Polaschek, N. (2003). Living on dialysis: Concerns of clients in a renal setting. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 41(1), 44–52.
Abstract: This article reports a study that sought to understand the experience of a group of Caucasian men with end stage renal failure managing their own haemodialysis therapy in their homes. The study used a critical interpretive methodology. The renal setting was critically viewed as a specialised health care context constituted by several interrelated discourses. Although established by the dominant professional discourse, it also includes a number of others, in particular an obscure client discourse that is a response to the dominant discourse. Initially, participants' own interpretations of their individual experiences were outlined. These were then collectively reinterpreted by contextualising them in terms of the critical view of the renal setting, in order to discern their own views as renal clients that were obscured by the language and ideas of the dominant discourse with which they had been enculturated. From an analysis of the set of accounts derived from interviews with six participants, four concerns of the renal client discourse were identified. These concerns were: (1) suffering from continuing symptoms of end stage renal failure and dialysis; (2) limitations resulting from negotiating dialysis into their lifestyle; (3) ongoingness and uncertainty of life on dialysis; and (4) altered relationship between autonomy and dependence inherent in living on dialysis. One specific implication of this study is that the distinctive potential of the nursing role in renal settings lies beyond the performance of a range of technical tasks, in addressing the experience of people living on dialysis, described here as the concerns of the renal client discourse.
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Vallance, E., & Scott, S. (2003). A critique of problem-based learning in nursing education and the contribution it can make toward beginning professional practice, part one. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 19(2), 41–51.
Abstract: Within New Zealand nursing education there appears to be a widespread acceptance of problem-based learning and an assumption that the strategies it uses are unproblematic. A review of the literature however, reveals that problem-based learning has drawbacks that may inhibit the achievement of desired graduate outcomes. It seems timely for nurse educators to exercise caution in uncritically accepting problem-based learning approaches and using them as the predominant approach to teaching and learning. To this end, a two-part critique of this teaching and learning method is presented. Part one critiques the methods of problem-based learning, discussing self-directed learning, the group process, self-assessment, and content knowledge. Part two explores the philosophical underpinnings of problem-based learning, and the so-called 'fit' within nursing.
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