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Author
Warren, B.L.
Title
Intramuscular injection angle: Evidence for practice?
Type
Miscellaneous
Year
2002
Publication
Nursing Praxis in New Zealand
Abbreviated Journal
Volume
18
Issue
2
Pages
42-51
Keywords
Patient safety
;
Immunisation
Abstract
This article presents the findings of a search for evidence to support the 45-60 degree angle of insertion for intramuscular injection of vaccine which is recommended in New Zealand. With the objective of discovering the evidence base for an intramuscular injection angle which differs from that recommended by the World Health Organisation and the accepted practice experienced by the author in the UK, Canada, Malawi and the USA, a comprehensive library and internet literature search was undertaken. Information was also sought by personal correspondence and contact with a range of immunisation specialists. Both the literature specifically on needle angle and that which includes needle angle within a wider investigation of technique is included. Overwhelmingly the evidence supports a 90 degree angle of needle insertion for intramuscular injection as being most effective in terms of patient comfort, safety and efficacy of vaccine.
Call Number
NRSNZNO @ research @
Serial
616
Permanent link to this record
Author
Warren, B.L.
Title
Using paracetamol before immunisation: Does it work?
Type
Journal Article
Year
2007
Publication
Kai Tiaki: Nursing New Zealand
Abbreviated Journal
Volume
13
Issue
5
Pages
24-26
Keywords
Immunisation
;
Paediatric nursing
;
Evidence-based medicine
Abstract
The author presents a review of evidence on the prophylactic use of paracetamol prior to infant and child immunisation. The research was prompted when the Otago District Health Board was planning its Meningococcal B strategy. The evidence suggests that it was appropriate when the whole cell pertussis vaccine was used, but it was not recommended since the introduction of better vaccines such as acellular pertussis with fewer antigens and fewer side effects. Paracetamol may still be given orally to treat pain and fever that occasionally follows vaccination. Paracetamol pharmacology is presented, along with alternatives to paracetamol.
Call Number
NRSNZNO @ research @
Serial
998
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