Abstract: Explores, through kaupapa Māori (Māori ideology) research principles, the fundamental concepts guiding ten Māori nurses working in end-of-life care settings. Identifies the concepts of whanaungatanga (establishing connections), manaakitanga (generosity and care for others), and kaitiakitanga (guardianship) as central to the practice of these Māori nurses along with the ethical principles of tika (the right way), pono (honesty) and aroha (generosity of spirit). Describes how these concepts and principles shape how these Māori nurses cared for their Māori patients and whānau, and for themselves. Stresses the need for the health system to better understand the Maori world view on death and dying.

Abstract: Performs a qualitative study exploring the use of a pictogram developed by nurses during a rapid-access chest pain clinic consultation, to assist patient communication about their chest pain. Interviews 10 patients, 5 Maori and 5 non-Maori, for their feedback on the pictogram's usefulness. Considers the utility of the pictogram for both patients and nurses leading the chest pain clinic.

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to detail the practical application of the Delphi technique as a culturally and clinically valid means of accessing expert opinion on the importance of clinical criteria. Reference is made to a bicultural New Zealand mental health nursing clinical indicator study that employed a three-round reactive Delphi survey. Equal proportions of Maori and non-Maori nurses (n = 20) and consumers (n = 10) rated the importance of 91 clinical indicator statements for the achievement of professional practice standards. Additional statements (n = 21) suggested by Delphi participants in round 1 were included in subsequent rounds. In round 2, participants explained the rating they applied to statements that had not reached consensus in round 1, and summarised responses were provided to participants in round 3. Consensus was considered to have been achieved if 85% of round 3 ratings lay within a 2-point bracket on the 5-point Likert-scale overall, or in one of the Maori nurse, non-Maori nurse, or consumer groups. A mean rating of 4.5 after round 3 was set as the importance threshold. Consensus occurred overall on 75 statements, and within groups on another 24. Most statements (n = 86) reached the importance benchmark. The authors conclude that when rigorous methods of participant selection, group composition, participant feedback, and determination of consensus and importance are employed, the Delphi technique is a reliable, cost-effective means of obtaining and prioritising experts' judgements.

Abstract: Considers the relationship between nursing and complementary and alternative medicine(CAM), and how this could be incorporated into health care, citing its use internationally. Highlights areas of development and future research for CAM in nursing in NZ.

Abstract: Argues that the concept of cultural safety (CS) has been appropriated from an indigenous-led bicutural context to an inclusive cross-cultural framework for working with diverse patient populations. Investigates nurses' understanding of the 'Guidelines for Cultural Safety, the Treaty of Waitangi and Maori Health in Nursing Education and Practice' published in 2011 by the Nursing Council of NZ. Conducts a mixed-methods survey using both closed and open-ended questions to gauge nurses' confidence in applying the guidelines and their view of their relevance. Describes differences between NZ Registered Nurses (RN) and Internationally Qualified Nurses (IQN) in their understanding of CS. Argues that the CS model should be by Maori, for Maori.

Abstract: Revisits the concepts addressed in Ramsden's speech to nursing graduands in 1990, 'Moving On'. Places the speech in the context of her later articles on cultural safety, in 1993 and 2000. Maintains that the concept is critically relevant in 2021 due to health disparities for Maori.

Abstract: The research on which this thesis is based involves both a private narrative and a public narrative, with the story of cultural safety, and the history, theory and the future direction gathered into one qualitative work. The work is divided into three sections. The first is entitled, Ko Wai Matou? The Private Narrative. This section seeks to explore the historical, social, educational, physical, emotional, political and moral influences and ephiphanies which brought about the personality which introduced cultural safety ideas into nursing and midwifery. Early nursing practice is investigated and examples from practice are used to illustrate learning and consolidation of the ideas which led to Cultural Safety Theory. The second section is entitled He Huarahi Hou: A New Pathway. This section explains the progress of the theory and its relationship to education pedagogy and to nursing practice. Comparison between the work of Madeline Leininger and the Transcultural Theory of Nursing and the New Zealand concept of cultural safety is undertaken. The role and application of the Treaty of Waitangi to the theory of cultural safety is explored in this section. The third section, entitled He Whakawhanuitanga: The Public Narrative, looks at the introduction of cultural safety into the nursing education system and its implementation. The public and media reaction to the inclusion of cultural safety in the national examination for nursing registration and the subsequent parliamentary response are noted. The interviews with nursing and midwifery leadership, Maori and pakeha key players in the process and consumer views of the ideas are documented and pertinent excerpts have been included. The work concludes with a discussion on the likely future of cultural safety as a theory and in practice and outlines several issues which represent a challenge to the viability of the concept in nursing and midwifery education. The author notes that the story of cultural safety is a personal story, but also a very public one. It is set in neo-colonial New Zealand, but has implications for indigenous people throughout the world. It is about human samenesses and human differences, but is also a story about all interactions between nurses and patients because all are power laden. Finally, she points out that, although it is about nursing, it is also relevant to all encounters, all exchanges between health care workers and patients.

Abstract: This article describes the findings of a research study on the experience of teaching cultural safety. As a teacher of cultural safety, the first author was interested in exploring the experience of teaching the topic with other cultural safety teachers. A qualitative approach situated in a critical theory paradigm was used for the study. The study was informed by the ideas of Foucault and feminist theory. Fourteen women between ages 20 and 60 were interviewed about their experience of teaching cultural safety. Five women were Maori and 9 were Pakeha. Following data analysis, three major themes were identified: that the Treaty of Waitangi provides for an examination of power in cultural safety education; that the broad concept of difference influences the experience of teaching cultural safety; and that the experience of teaching cultural safety has personal, professional, and political dimensions. These dimensions were experienced differently by Maori and Pakeha teachers.