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Author |
Smillie, A. |
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Title |
The end of tranquillity? An exploration of some organisational and societal factors that generated discord upon the introduction of trained nurses into New Zealand hospitals, 1885-1914 |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Victoria University of Wellington Library |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
History; Nursing |
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Abstract |
This historical research study examines some of the factors that caused problems for early New Zealand trained nurses upon their introduction into New Zealand hospitals, between 1885 and 1914. Eight incidents in the professional lives of nurses of the period are used as illustrations of the strains and discord that were apparent in this time of change. Analysis of these incidents attempts to answer the question as to whether the introduction of trained nurses into the New Zealand hospital system did add new considerations to problems encountered by nurses in their professional life. The conclusion is that there was a new dimension of difference added to the system with the introduction of the trained nurse. This developed from the evidence that these nurses, particularly if they were also matrons, had to fit into the existing power structures, which were not really ready to accept them, either through choice or lack of foresight. Enmeshed within these considerations is the influence of Florence Nightingale; her effect on nursing itself, and the consequent public and official perception, or misperception, of who nurses should be. |
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Call Number |
NRSNZNO @ research @ |
Serial  |
857 |
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Author |
Arcus, K.J. |
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Title |
Often wearisome, sometimes saddening, but always interesting: A hundred years of district nursing in Wellington, 1903-2003 |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Victoria University of Wellington Library |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
District nursing; History |
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Abstract |
October 2003 marked the centenary of Wellington district nursing. Annie Holgate, a 'trained, professional' nurse, was employed to care for the sick poor in 1903. The Wellington St John Ambulance District Nursing Guild funded district nursing for over fifty years. The first president, Sarah Ann Rhodes, left a legacy of a solid financial and administrative base for the whole of the Guild's existence. From 1945 the Wellington Hospital Board assumed responsibility for district nursing and expanded the service to the greater Wellington region. In 1974 the Community Health Services were formed, with Pauline MacInnes as the nurse leader. Expansion of healthcare in the community ensued, with district nurses pivotal to client-centred, community-based, collaborative healthcare. This service was dismantled in the wake of health sector restructuring in 1989. The philosophy and operation of the Community Health Service of this period bears a striking resemblance to the current concept of Primary Health Care. Primary sources from Wellington St John, Kai Tiaki and data from official publications were used to compile this history. Emergent themes are the autonomy of district nurses' practice, the invisibility of district nursing and the impact of visionary leadership. All have implications for the future of district nursing. District nursing, initially dependent on philanthropy, has been publicly funded in New Zealand since 1944. District nursing is now an essential component of health care. |
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Call Number |
NRSNZNO @ research @ 851 |
Serial |
835 |
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Author |
Robertson, A.M. |
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Title |
Rural women and maternity services |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Jean Ross (Ed.), Rural nursing: Aspects of practice (pp. 179-97) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ministry of Health publications page |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Midwifery; Rural nursing; Professional competence; History of nursing |
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Abstract |
The author discusses the roles that nurses undertake in response to rural communities' health needs, focusing on the provision of maternity service. The author reviews structural changes such as the 1990 Amendment to the Nurses Act 1977 which, the author suggests, introduced a climate of professional rivalry, changes in funding that cut back general practitioners in the field, and the development of Lead Maternity Carers. Despite controversial developments, New Zealand maternity services have evolved to include a unique and internationally respected model of midwifery care. However, the author highlights several areas that limit the positive contribution of rural nurses and midwives. These include workforce recruitment and retention, equity of access, and issues around maintaining competency and education. |
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Call Number |
NRSNZNO @ research @ |
Serial |
761 |
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Author |
Prebble, K. |
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Title |
Ordinary men and uncommon women: A history of psychiatric nursing in New Zealand public mental hospitals, 1939-1972 |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
University of Auckland Library |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Psychiatric Nursing; Mental health; History; Gender |
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Abstract |
This social-cultural history explores the changing context, culture, and identity of psychiatric nurses working in New Zealand public mental hospitals between 1939 and 1972. Primary documentary sources and oral history interviews provided the data for analysis. The thesis is divided into two periods: 1939 to 1959 when asylum-type conditions shaped the culture of the institutional workforce, and 1960 to 1972 when mental health reform and nursing professionalisation challenged the isolation and distinct identity of mental hospital nurses. Between 1939 and 1959 the introduction of somatic treatments did not substantially change nursing practice in mental hospitals. Overcrowding, understaffing and poor resources necessitated the continuance of custodial care. The asylum-type institutions were dependent on a male attendant workforce to ensure the safety of disturbed male patients, and the maintenance of hospital farms, gardens, and buildings. Although female nurses provided all the care and domestic work on the female side, the belief that psychiatric nursing was physically demanding, potentially dangerous, and morally questionable, characterised the work as generally unsuitable for women. Introduction of psychiatric nursing registration which was a move toward professionalisation did little to change the dominance of a male, working-class culture. From 1960 to 1972 psychiatric nurses' identity was contested. New therapeutic roles created the possibility of the nurses becoming health professionals. Their economic security and occupational power, however, was tied to an identity as unionised, male workers. As psychiatric nurses were drawn closer to the female-dominated nursing profession through health service changes and nursing education reform, both men and women acted to protect both their working conditions and their patients' welfare. To achieve these ends, they employed working-class means of industrial action. By accepting the notion that psychiatric nurses' identity was socially constructed, this thesis provides an interpretation that goes beyond the assumption that nursing is a woman's profession. Instead, it presents psychiatric nursing as a changing phenomenon shaped by contested discourses of gender, class and professionalisation. Nursing in public mental hospitals attracted ordinary men and uncommon women whose collective identity was forged from the experience of working in a stigmatised role. |
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Call Number |
NRSNZNO @ research @ 763 |
Serial |
749 |
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Author |
Ramsamy, K. |
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Title |
Colonisation: The experience of a psychiatric nurse through the lens of reflective autobiography |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Victoria University of Wellington Library |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Cultural safety; Colonisation; History; Nursing |
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Abstract |
The author points to the oppression of colonisation living on in the daily lives of colonised people, and goes on to say that it is vital for nurses to understand the effects of that oppression, as well as the restrictive impacts, and dislocation from one's land and culture to-day. Nurses come from both the descendants of colonisers and the colonised. This thesis is a journey and a quest for insights into the impacts and significances of colonisation by looking at historical and socio-political contexts that have bearing on the health of colonised people who remain mostly powerless and marginalised. It is prompted in response to a cultural safety model which advocates that nurses should become familiar with their own background and history in order to be culturally safe in practice. This reflective autobiographical account is a personal effort and provides the foundation for an exploration of issues during nursing practice encounters, from a colonised ethnic minority perspective. The method was informed by Moustakas research approach and Johnstone's Reflective Topical Autobiographical process. The selection of specific events are deliberate, to make visible some of the many barriers that exist within our health structures as pertinent issues for non-dominant cultures that remain on the margin of our society. Maori issues provide a contrast and became a catalyst for the author while working for kaupapa Maori services. The intention of this thesis is to generate new knowledge about what it means to be a nurse from an ethnic minority working in a kaupapa Maori mental health service, and to encourage other nurses to explore these issues further. Some recommendations are made for nurses in the last chapter. |
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Call Number |
NRSNZNO @ research @ 739 |
Serial |
725 |
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Author |
Hansen, S. |
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Title |
The reality: Doctors and nurses in general practice in New Zealand |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Otago Polytechnic library. A copy can be obtained by contacting pgnursadmin@tekotago.ac.nz |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
History; Nurse practitioners; Primary health care; Physicians |
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Abstract |
Provision of a primary health care system that delivers timely, appropriate, affordable and effective care is a challenge throughout the world. The purpose of this work is to discuss the realities of collaborative practice in primary health care, where care is delivered by doctors and nurses in general practice settings in New Zealand. The close relationship between the two professions has been historically marked by the dominance of medicine over nursing. Unclear articulation of nursing practice by the nursing profession along with historical gender issues has further hindered a more collegial relationship between medicine and nursing. The author suggests that historical gender inequalities have also contributed to a system which has disadvantaged nurses in the execution of their work. Collaboration occurs when mutual respect is present between two parties intent on furthering mutual goals. Collaboration is not supervision or co-operation. It is therefore, the author suggests, questionable that collaboration exists in the New Zealand system other than through the good will of individual practitioners. An examination of these issues using the work of Jurgen Habermas and Michel Foucault offers insight into how the current working situation between medicine and nursing came about. The author concludes that the emergence of the nurse practitioner role in New Zealand along with a change in the way that primary health care is being managed nationally provides opportunities for the nursing profession to move into emancipatory collaborative practice roles. |
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Call Number |
NRSNZNO @ research @ |
Serial |
676 |
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Author |
Ross, M.E. |
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Title |
A study into the effects of the New Zealand health reforms of the 1990's on the role of the nurse manager |
Type |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
University of Otago Library |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Nurse managers; History; Policy |
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Abstract |
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Call Number |
NRSNZNO @ research @ 687 |
Serial |
673 |
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Author |
Jacobs, S. |
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Title |
Advanced nursing practice and the nurse practitioner: New Zealand nursing's professional project in the late 20th century |
Type |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Massey University Library |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Nurse practitioners; History; Policy; Leadership; Advanced nursing practice |
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Abstract |
This thesis examines the forces influencing the development of contemporary advanced nursing practice in New Zealand. It begins with an historical approach to explore the various meanings of advanced nursing practice from the late 1800s through the first years of the 21st century. Seven historical understandings of the meaning of 'advanced' nursing practice emerge. The author's analysis of the broad scope of New Zealand nursing history, including a case study of the development and implementation of the nurse practitioner, draws on theoretical perspectives from sociology, political science, and nursing. She develops a “framework of critical factors for nursing to take into account when considering how to ensure the profession is able to deliver on its great potential to improve the health of New Zealand communities”. Examining the work of a range of nursing leaders, past and present, and drawing on the work of political scientist, John Kingdon, the author describes the work of several nurses as “policy entrepreneurship.” |
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Call Number |
NRSNZNO @ research @ |
Serial |
671 |
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Author |
McNab, M. |
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Title |
The nursing roles in respect of tuberculosis in New Zealand from 1928 to 1966 |
Type |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Otago Polytechnic library. A copy can be obtained by contacting pgnursadmin@tekotago.ac.nz |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
History; Nursing; Tuberculosis |
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Abstract |
In this thesis the nursing roles in respect of tuberculosis in New Zealand from 1928 to 1966 are identified, and then examined by contextualising them in relation to the changing social, political, demographic, scientific and technological environments in which the treatment and prevention of tuberculosis took place. The history of the various institutions is described in order to show some of the circumstances that led to the evolution of the roles of dispensary nurse, district nurse, school nurse, public health nurse, sanatorium nurse, and hospital nurse. 1928 to 1966 covers a sufficiently long period of intensive activity and change in the detection, treatment and research of pulmonary tuberculosis in New Zealand, to enable comparisons between nursing roles to be made. It was found that nurses had an individualised approach to their work. This was defined by the physical environments within which they worked, whether it was a hospital, sanatorium, dispensary, school or in a patient's home. Also, the medical treatments advocated and implemented by the medical practitioners, the rules and regulations which governed the various work areas, and the availability of staff, funds, facilities and resources all had an impact upon how nurses were able to work and how their respective roles developed. In addition, some of the factors which contributed to nurses getting tuberculosis and the initiatives to improve the nurse's conditions of work are examined, because these had an impact on the performance of the nurse's work and evolution of her role. Apart from practical nursing care, nurses also had a role in the on-going inspection, monitoring, notification, emotional support of patients and families, morale boosting and education. Each role had these components. The differences were in the time and emphasis given to each. |
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Call Number |
NRSNZNO @ research @ |
Serial |
660 |
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Author |
Papps, E. |
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Title |
(Re)positioning nursing: Watch this space |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Nursing Praxis in New Zealand |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
17 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
4-12 |
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Keywords |
History of nursing; Nurse practitioners |
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Abstract |
This paper traces the emergence of categories of nurse over the last hundred years from the time that the Nurses Registration Act became law in 1901. Insights from the work of Michel Foucault are utilised to show how nurses and nursing have been historically shaped and positioned. It is suggested that the recent endorsement by the Nursing Council of New Zealand of the concept and title of 'nurse practitioner' represents an opportunity for nurses to imagine what might be constructed for their roles. |
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Call Number |
NRSNZNO @ research @ |
Serial |
630 |
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Author |
Spence, D. |
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Title |
The evolving meaning of 'culture' in New Zealand nursing |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Nursing Praxis in New Zealand |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
17 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
51-61 |
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Keywords |
Cultural safety; Biculturalism; History of nursing; Maori |
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Abstract |
The author traces the nursing definition of biculturalism as it has evolved from the colonial period to the present. An examination of nursing literature demonstrates that local understandings of culture have matured beyond anthropological interpretations to a sociopolitical definition of Maori culture. The author suggests that, in nursing, culture has come to mean cultural safety. |
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Call Number |
NRSNZNO @ research @ |
Serial |
625 |
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Author |
Roberts, M.H. |
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Title |
An exploration of the experiences of Maori nurses in Aotearoa/New Zealand |
Type |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Otago Polytechnic library. A copy can be obtained by contacting pgnursadmin@tekotago.ac.nz |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Maori; Nursing; Cultural safety; History |
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Abstract |
The author describes the purpose of her writing as exploring the journeys that Maori have experienced within the nursing profession of Aotearoa/New Zealand. It presents the reader with insight into these journeys by examining a broad range of events and experiences from pre European contact up to contemporary times. The intention of providing these insights is for the reader to be made aware of not only the “uniqueness” that Maori nurses bring to the profession in New Zealand but to give voice to the many untold experiences of Maori nurses. The Nursing Council of New Zealand (NCNZ), numerous Maori and non- Maori academics have long acknowledged the uniqueness of Maori health perspectives and needs. However, the author notes there is limited literature which specifically discusses experiences of Maori consumers of health services and until recently, exploration of the experiences of Maori nurses has been limited. The Ministerial Taskforce of Nursing (1998) identified the paucity of research related to Maori nursing and acknowledges the need for Maori nurses to develop a body of knowledge specifically focused in this area. To this end, the author intended that this work would contribute to the increasing body of knowledge regarding this unique group within the nursing profession of Aotearoa/New Zealand.The discussion includes revisiting the history of nursing in Aotearoa/New Zealand and critiquing the participation of Maori nurses. The experiences of Maori nurses and students from within the education sector is detailed with a particular focus on their experiences of Kawa Whakaruruhau / Cultural safety. Contemporary issues for Maori nurses are critiqued and possible solutions offered along with details of the writer's vision for the future direction of Maori within the wider nursing profession in Aotearoa/New Zealand. |
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Call Number |
NRSNZNO @ research @ |
Serial |
593 |
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Author |
Jacobs, S. |
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Title |
Advanced nursing practice: Time and meaning |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Nursing Praxis in New Zealand |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
19 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
29-39 |
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Keywords |
Advanced nursing practice; Nurse practitioners; Professional development; History of nursing |
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Abstract |
The particular, contemporary meanings ascribed to “advanced nursing practice” in New Zealand have been debated and delineated in the 1990s, culminating in the launch of the nurse practitioner role at a conference sponsored by the Ministry of Health and the Nursing Council of New Zealand in August, 2001. Drawing on archival materials, documents, other texts and voices, this article explores the evolution of connotations and meanings of the word “advanced” as applied to nursing in New Zealand. The focus is on clinical practice, research, teaching, consulting, higher education, and advancement of the profession. Historical aspects of advancement in New Zealand nursing are examined, including registration, unsupervised practice, technical specialisation, and career development. |
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Call Number |
NRSNZNO @ research @ |
Serial |
552 |
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Author |
Smillie, A. |
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Title |
Historical investigations: Risk management in a New Zealand hospital, 1888-1904 |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Nursing Praxis in New Zealand |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
22 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
33-38 |
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Keywords |
Risk management; History; Patient safety |
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Abstract |
This article examines historical events within one hospital and compares them with contemporary risk management practices. The examples involve a nurse sustaining injury in the course of her work, a fire in the hospital and two instances of patient complaints – one concerning nursing care and the other relating to a time lag between admission to hospital and receiving medical attention. Analysis of the processes followed in investigating these occurrences reveals that these historic investigations were small in scale and less bureaucratic than contemporary practice, and were based on a culture of blame. This is contrasted with modern risk management practices which are more focused on understanding what can be learned from the incident with respect to preventing recurrence. |
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Call Number |
NRSNZNO @ research @ 539 |
Serial |
525 |
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Author |
Wilkinson, J.A. |
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Title |
The New Zealand nurse practitioner polemic: A discourse analysis |
Type |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Massey University Library |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Nurse practitioners; History of nursing |
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Abstract |
The purpose of this research has been to trace the development of the nurse practitioner role in New Zealand. Using a discourse analytical approach informed by the work of Michel Foucault, the study foregrounds the discourses that have constructed the nurse practitioner role within the New Zealand social and political context. The author suggests that discourses of nursing and of medicine have established systems of disciplinary practices that produce nurses and physicians within defined role boundaries, not because of legislation, but because discourse has constructed certain rules. The nurse practitioner role transcends those boundaries and offers the possibility of a new and potentially more liberating identity for nurses and nursing. A plural approach of both textuality and discursivity was used to guide the analysis of texts chosen from published literature and from nine interviews conducted with individuals who have been influential in the unfolding of the nurse practitioner role. Both professionally and industrially and in academic and regulatory terms dating back to the Nurses Registration Act, 1901, the political discourses and disciplinary practices serving to position nurses in the health care sector and to represent nursing are examined. The play of these forces has created an interstice from which the nurse practitioner role in New Zealand could emerge. In combination with a new state regime of primary health care, the notion of an autonomous nursing profession in both practice and regulation has challenged medicine's traditional right to surveillance of nursing practice. Through a kind of regulated freedom, the availability of assessment, diagnostic and prescribing practices within a nursing discourse signals a radical shift in how nursing can be represented. The author concludes that the nurse practitioner polemic has revolutionised the nursing subject, and may in turn lead to a qualitatively different health service. |
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Call Number |
NRSNZNO @ research @ 517 |
Serial |
503 |
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