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Pipi, K., Moss, M., & Were, L. (2021). Nga manukura o apopo: sustaining kaupapa Maori nurse and midwifery leadership. Kai Tiaki Nursing Research, 12(1), 16–24.
Abstract: Analyses and synthesises the evaluation reports of the clinical leadership training programmes of Nga Manukura o Apopo, the national Maori nursing and midwifery workforce development programme. Considers how the marae-based Kaupapa Maori training approach contributed to the outcomes. Examines clinical leadership, recruitment, professional development and governance.
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Lyford, S., & Cook, P. (2005). The Whanaungatanga model of care. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 21(2), 26–36.
Abstract: The authors introduce the Kaupapa nursing service at Te Puna Hauora, Tauranga Hospital. It implements an indigenous health model, the Whanaungatanga Model of Care, to guide nursing practice. This paper describes the concept of care it applies to serving its Maori population and the role of the Kaiawhina Social Worker. The authors highlights the interface between primary and secondary care after patients are discharged. The authors address the shortfall of Maori practitioners in the nursing service and the aims of a year-long pre-entry Kaupapa Health Professional Programme.
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Roberts, M. H. (2004). An exploration of the experiences of Maori nurses in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Ph.D. thesis, , .
Abstract: The author describes the purpose of her writing as exploring the journeys that Maori have experienced within the nursing profession of Aotearoa/New Zealand. It presents the reader with insight into these journeys by examining a broad range of events and experiences from pre European contact up to contemporary times. The intention of providing these insights is for the reader to be made aware of not only the “uniqueness” that Maori nurses bring to the profession in New Zealand but to give voice to the many untold experiences of Maori nurses. The Nursing Council of New Zealand (NCNZ), numerous Maori and non- Maori academics have long acknowledged the uniqueness of Maori health perspectives and needs. However, the author notes there is limited literature which specifically discusses experiences of Maori consumers of health services and until recently, exploration of the experiences of Maori nurses has been limited. The Ministerial Taskforce of Nursing (1998) identified the paucity of research related to Maori nursing and acknowledges the need for Maori nurses to develop a body of knowledge specifically focused in this area. To this end, the author intended that this work would contribute to the increasing body of knowledge regarding this unique group within the nursing profession of Aotearoa/New Zealand.The discussion includes revisiting the history of nursing in Aotearoa/New Zealand and critiquing the participation of Maori nurses. The experiences of Maori nurses and students from within the education sector is detailed with a particular focus on their experiences of Kawa Whakaruruhau / Cultural safety. Contemporary issues for Maori nurses are critiqued and possible solutions offered along with details of the writer's vision for the future direction of Maori within the wider nursing profession in Aotearoa/New Zealand.
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Spence, D. (2001). The evolving meaning of 'culture' in New Zealand nursing. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 17(3), 51–61.
Abstract: The author traces the nursing definition of biculturalism as it has evolved from the colonial period to the present. An examination of nursing literature demonstrates that local understandings of culture have matured beyond anthropological interpretations to a sociopolitical definition of Maori culture. The author suggests that, in nursing, culture has come to mean cultural safety.
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Framp, A. (2006). Diffuse gastric cancer. Gastroenterology Nursing, 29(3), 232–238.
Abstract: This article provides an overview of gastric cancer using a unique case study involving a Maori family genetically predisposed to diffuse gastric cancer. The pathophysiology of diffuse gastric cancer, including prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment, along with important patient considerations is highlighted.
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Lewis-Clarke, G. M. E. (2007). Whanau and whanaungatanga issues affecting Maori achievement in tertiary nursing education.
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Morrison-Ngatai, E. (2004). Mai i muri ka haere whakahaere: Maori woman in mental health nursing. Ph.D. thesis, , .
Abstract: Contents: Chapter 1 Kupu whakataki – introduction; Chapter 2 Raranga mohiotanga – literature review; Chapter 3 To te wahine mana tuku iho – theoretical framework; Chapter 4 Tahuri ki te rangahau – research methodology; Chapter 5 Whakaaturanga whakaoho – beginnings; Chapter 6 Kia pakari – positioning and contesting; Chapter 7 E ara ki runga wahine toa – standing and enduring; Chapter 8 Kua takoto te whariki.
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Hylton, J. A. (2005). Relearning how to learn: Enrolled nurse transition to degree at a New Zealand rural satellite campus. Nurse Education Today, 25(7), 519–526.
Abstract: This paper reports a study that examined the factors that assisted or hindered the transition of a group of enrolled nurses to registration/degree programmes, via a flexible course developed by a North Island tertiary institution. The study follows ten enrolled nurses, primarily Maori and working in rural settings, as they continued to work while studying at a small satellite campus. The study was exploratory and descriptive, and utilised focus group interviews. Two major categories emerged from comparative analysis of the data. One category entitled 'relearning how to learn', demonstrated the cognitive and behavioural adaptations made and is the focus of this paper. The other category 'barriers and catapults', demonstrated the physical and environmental factors that influenced the students' transition but is outside the scope of this paper. Recent changes in New Zealand nursing education have witnessed the clarification of scopes of nursing practice and the controversial development of a new Certificate in Health Science (Nurse Assistant). Currently enrolled nurses are again facing threats to employment and it is envisaged that many will be seeking to undertake transition to registered nurse in the near future.
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Laracy, K. (2003). Exploration of the self: The journey of one pakeha cultural safety nurse educator. Ph.D. thesis, , .
Abstract: Cultural safety is taught in all undergraduate nursing programmes in Aotearoa/New Zealand. There is a predominance of Pakeha nurse educators in teaching this content. There is little explanation of what being Pakeha entails. This perpetuates a silence and continues the dominant hegemonic position of Pakeha in Aotearoa/New Zealand. This study suggests that as Pakeha cultural safety nurse educators we examine our dominance and critique the delivery of cultural safety education. This autobiographical study undertakes to explore the Pakeha identity of a cultural safety nurse educator. The author discusses identity in the context of a globalised world, and challenges the idea of a definitive Pakeha identity. There are multiple descriptions of Pakeha, all underdeveloped and inadequate for the purposes of cultural safety education. In this study, the author uses the heuristic process of Moustakas (1990) and Maalouf's (2000) ideas of vertical and horizontal heritage to locate and present the essence of the self. In keeping with the purpose of cultural safety education, the author considers her ethnic cultural self as described by Bloch (1983) and explores Helms' (1990) theory of White racial identity development. This thesis describes the position of one Pakeha in the context of teaching cultural safety in an undergraduate nursing degree programme in Aotearoa/New Zealand. For Pakeha cultural safety nurse educators the author argues that exploration of one's heritages and location of a personal Pakeha identity is pivotal to progressing the enactment of cultural safety in Aotearoa /New Zealand.
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Richardson, F. I. (2000). What is it like to teach cultural safety in a New Zealand nursing education programme? Ph.D. thesis, , .
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Richardson, F. I., & Carryer, J. B. (2005). Teaching cultural safety in a New Zealand nursing education program. Journal of Nursing Education, 44(5), 201–208.
Abstract: This article describes the findings of a research study on the experience of teaching cultural safety. As a teacher of cultural safety, the first author was interested in exploring the experience of teaching the topic with other cultural safety teachers. A qualitative approach situated in a critical theory paradigm was used for the study. The study was informed by the ideas of Foucault and feminist theory. Fourteen women between ages 20 and 60 were interviewed about their experience of teaching cultural safety. Five women were Maori and 9 were Pakeha. Following data analysis, three major themes were identified: that the Treaty of Waitangi provides for an examination of power in cultural safety education; that the broad concept of difference influences the experience of teaching cultural safety; and that the experience of teaching cultural safety has personal, professional, and political dimensions. These dimensions were experienced differently by Maori and Pakeha teachers.
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Wepa, D. (2003). An exploration of the experiences of cultural safety educators in New Zealand: An action research approach. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 14(4), 339–348.
Abstract: This research is a study of the experiences of four cultural safety educators in nursing education in Aotearoa, New Zealand. Action research methods assisted the participants to implement change in their practice and gain positive personal involvement in the study. Reflective diaries provided the major tool in this process as participants were able to achieve at least one action research cycle by identifying issues, planning action, observing the action, and reflecting. The findings of the research revealed that the participants not only coped with everyday stressors of teaching but were also required to formulate knowledge for cultural safety. For the Maori participants, their stress was confounded with recruiting and retaining Maori students and macro issues such as commitment to their iwi (tribe). Lack of support to teach cultural safety was identified to be a key theme for all participants. An analysis of this theme revealed that many issues were organisational in nature and out of their control. Action research provided a change strategy for participants to have a sense of control of issues within their practice. Recommendations include the following: support for cultural safety educators to have a dialogue on a regular basis, the introduction of nurse educator programmes, paid leave provisions for educators to conduct and publish research so that a body of knowledge can be developed, and that Maori cultural safety educators be recognised for their professional and cultural strengths so that they do not fall victim to burnout.
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de Carlo Ahuarangi, K. (2000). Hei watea taupuhipuhi: The space of symbiosis: A conceptual framework for nursing practice. Ph.D. thesis, , .
Abstract: Te watea taupuhipuhi, the space of symbiosis is a framework for nursing practice. It examines the notion of the nursing presence as holding continuity and multiplicity of viewpoint in space of symbiosis. The author developed a teaching-learning situation as an introduction of key ideas in his work where the Maori word “ako” becomes the catalyst of a particular pedagogy that outlines the central notions of symbiosis. Thus, he notes, his work realises that symbiosis occurs not only on the clinical arena of nursing but in the teaching – learning environment as well, his own space of symbiosis. Four rites of passage coalesce a totality of experience within the space of symbiosis, revealing that the central role of the nursing presence is to surface meaning and sense for all of experience which can be fearful, mysterious, paradoxical and chaotic. These four rites of passage are described as the interpretive, integrative, transformations and transcendent. The twelve dynamics of nursing from the axle around which a praxis of nursing revolves. An analysis of those twelve dynamics in rite of passage is situated within narratives taken from the author's nursing practice. He also draws extensively from Maori ontology and autobiography in positioning his exposition within this local context.
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Simon, V. N. (2006). Characterising Maori nursing practice. Contemporary Nurse, 22(2), 203–213.
Abstract: This paper summarises research which addresses the question What might constitute Maori nursing practice? The research design adopted was influenced by kaupapa Maori methodology and used a semi-structured, qualitative, in-depth interview process. It was found that by understanding the current experiences of Maori registered nurses, their reflections on their preparation for practice, and their current practice, it is possible to identify the present and future training and practice needs of Maori nurses. Maori nursing practice can be characterised as having five features: the promotion of cultural affirmation including cultural awareness and identity; the support of, and access to Maori networks; the adoption of Maori models of health; the enabling of visibility and pro-activity as Maori nurses; and, the validation of Maori nurses as effective health professionals. Three recommendations for promoting Maori nursing practice are made in relation to staff in the workplace and in nurse education programmes: all nursing staff need to be alert to: 1. the impact of western scientific models on Maori healthcare; 2. the (often passive) non-acceptance of Maori within mainstream institutions; and iii) the benefits of valuing indigenous nursing programmes.
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Kool, B., Thomas, D., Moore, D., Anderson, A., Bennetts, P., & Earp, K. (2008). Innovation and effectiveness: Changing the scope of school nurses in New Zealand secondary schools. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 32(2), 177–180.
Abstract: The aim of this research was to describe the changing role of school nurses in eight New Zealand secondary schools from low socio-economic areas with high Pacific Island and Maori rolls. An evaluation of a pilot addressing under-achievement in low-decile schools in Auckland(2002-05) was made. Annual semi-structured school nurse interviews and analysis of routinely collected school health service data were undertaken. Two patterns of school nurse operation were identified: an embracing pattern, where nurses embraced the concept of providing school-based health services; and a Band-Aid pattern, where only the basics for student health care were provided by school nurses. The researchers conclude that school nurses with an embracing pattern of practice provided more effective school-based health services. School health services are better served by nurses with structured postgraduate education that fosters the development of a nurse-practitioner role. The researchers go on to say that co-ordination of school nurses either at a regional or national level is required.
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