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	Author	Hardy, D.J.; O'Brien, A.P.; Gaskin, C.J.; O'Brien, A.J.; Morrison-Ngatai, E.; Skews, G.; Ryan, T.; McNulty, N.
	Title	Practical application of the Delphi technique in a bicultural mental health nursing study in New Zealand			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Journal of Advanced Nursing	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	46	Issue	1	Pages	95-109
	Keywords	Clinical assessment; Biculturalism; Professional competence; Psychiatric Nursing; Maori
	Abstract	The aim of this paper is to detail the practical application of the Delphi technique as a culturally and clinically valid means of accessing expert opinion on the importance of clinical criteria. Reference is made to a bicultural New Zealand mental health nursing clinical indicator study that employed a three-round reactive Delphi survey. Equal proportions of Maori and non-Maori nurses (n = 20) and consumers (n = 10) rated the importance of 91 clinical indicator statements for the achievement of professional practice standards. Additional statements (n = 21) suggested by Delphi participants in round 1 were included in subsequent rounds. In round 2, participants explained the rating they applied to statements that had not reached consensus in round 1, and summarised responses were provided to participants in round 3. Consensus was considered to have been achieved if 85% of round 3 ratings lay within a 2-point bracket on the 5-point Likert-scale overall, or in one of the Maori nurse, non-Maori nurse, or consumer groups. A mean rating of 4.5 after round 3 was set as the importance threshold. Consensus occurred overall on 75 statements, and within groups on another 24. Most statements (n = 86) reached the importance benchmark. The authors conclude that when rigorous methods of participant selection, group composition, participant feedback, and determination of consensus and importance are employed, the Delphi technique is a reliable, cost-effective means of obtaining and prioritising experts' judgements.
	Call Number	NRSNZNO @ research @			Serial	1060
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	Author	Harding, T.S.
	Title	Male nurses: The struggle for acceptance			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Kai Tiaki: Nursing New Zealand	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	9	Issue	4	Pages	17-19
	Keywords	Sex discrimination; Male nurses; History of nursing; Law and legislation
	Abstract	This article describes the role of men in the nursing profession in New Zealand from colonial times to the 1970s. It considers attitudes towards male nurses, the provision of training for men and the various laws and regulations dealing with the issue.
	Call Number	NRSNZNO @ research @			Serial	999
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	Author	Hardcastle, J.
	Title	The meaning of effective education for critical care nursing practice: A thematic analysis			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Australian Critical Care	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	17	Issue	3	Pages	114, 116-2
	Keywords	Hospitals; Nursing; Education; Nursing specialties
	Abstract	Using thematic analysis, this study explored the phenomenon of effective education for critical care nursing practice by asking: What does effective education for critical care nursing practice mean to nurses currently practising in the specialty? Eighty eight critical care nurses from the South Island provided written descriptions of what effective education for critical care nursing practice meant to them. Descriptive statements were analysed to reveal constituents, themes and essences of meaning. Four core themes of personal quality, practice quality, the learning process and learning needs emerged. Appropriateness or relevance for individual learning needs is further identified as an essential theme within the meaning of effective education for critical care nursing practice. Shared experiences of the phenomenon are made explicit and discussed with reference to education and practice development in the specialty. The study results lend support to education that focuses on individual learning needs, and identifies work based learning as a potential strategy for learning and practice development in critical care nursing.
	Call Number	NRSNZNO @ research @			Serial	873
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	Author	Hansen, C.
	Title	Professional practice attributes within public health nursing			Type
	Year	2004	Publication		Abbreviated Journal	Massey University Library
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Public health; Nursing
	Abstract
	Call Number	NRSNZNO @ research @ 868			Serial	852
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	Author	Hall, J.
	Title	Building trust to work with a grounded theory study of paediatric acute care nurses work			Type
	Year	2004	Publication		Abbreviated Journal	Auckland University of Technology Library
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Nurse-family relations; Nurse-patient relations; Children; Paediatric nursing; Intensive care nursing
	Abstract	Grounded theory methodology has guided the grounded theory methods used to explore the acute care paediatric nurses' perspective of what they do when a child has had a severe accident. The research was initiated from the experience of nursing children in the context of a rehabilitation centre and wondering how acute care nurses promoted a child's recovery after a severe unintentional injury. Many avenues were used to search international and New Zealand literature but the scarcity of literature related to what acute care paediatric nurses do was evident. Nursing children in the acute care ward after a severe accident is complex. It encompasses nursing the family when they are experiencing a crisis. It is critical that the acute care nurse monitors and ensures the child's physiological needs are met, and the nurse “works with” the child to maintain and advance medical stability. Nursing interactions are an important part of “working with”, communication is the essence of nursing. This research has focussed on the nurses' social processes whilst caring for the physical needs of the child and interacting with the family and multidisciplinary team when appropriate. An effective working-relationship with a nurse and family is founded on trust. Grounded theory methods supported the process of exploring the social processes of “building trust” whilst “working with” families in a vulnerable position. Nurses rely on rapport to be invited into a family's space to “work with” and support the re-establishment of the parenting role. The “stepping in and out” of an effective working-relationship with a family is reliant on trust. Nurses build trust by spending time to “be with”, using chat to get to know each other, involving and supporting the family to parent a “different” child and reassuring and giving realistic hope to help the child and parents cope with their changed future. A substantive theory of the concept of “building trust to work with” has been developed using grounded theory methods. The theory has been conceptualised using the perspective of seven registered nurses working in paediatric acute care wards that admit children who have had a severe traumatic accident.
	Call Number	NRSNZNO @ research @			Serial	597
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	Author	Haggerty, C.
	Title	Supporting the development of critical analysis through the use of a constructivist learning strategy			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Whitireia Nursing Journal	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	11	Issue		Pages	19-26
	Keywords	Nursing; Education; Teaching methods; Theory
	Abstract	This paper analyses how the programme co-ordinator for a diploma in mental health nursing used the Instructional Design process in order to identify aspects of teaching and learning that could further enhance the student development of critical thinking. Theoretical understandings of constructivist learning environments are outlined, and translated to this programme. Tools and techniques such as learning strategies, scaffolding, coaching and modelling are explained.
	Call Number	NRSNZNO @ research @			Serial	1290
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	Author	Falleni, P.M.
	Title	Whakaata ikei runga manaaki: Reflection on caring			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2004	Publication	International Journal of Palliative Nursing	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	10	Issue	8	Pages	390-392
	Keywords	Palliative care; Nursing
	Abstract
	Call Number	NRSNZNO @ research @ 1073			Serial	1058
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	Author	Evans-Murray, A.
	Title	Meeting the needs of grieving relatives			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Kai Tiaki: Nursing New Zealand	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	10	Issue	9	Pages	18-20
	Keywords	Intensive care nursing; Grief; Communication
	Abstract	This article examines the role of nurses working in intensive care units who may need to work with families as they face the death of a loved one. How the nurse communicates with relatives during these crucial hours prior to the death can have profound implications on their grief recovery. Universal needs for families in this situation have been identified in the literature, and include: hope; knowing that staff care about their loved one; and having honest information about their loved one's condition. A case study is used to illustrate key skills and techniques nurses can employ to help meet these universal needs. In the first stage of grief the bereaved is in shock and may feel a sense of numbness and denial. The bereaved may feel confused and will have difficulty concentrating and remembering instructions, and they may express strong emotions. Studies on families' needs show that honest answers to questions and information about their loved one are extremely important. It is often very difficult for the nurse to give honest information when the prognosis is poor. Good communication skills and techniques are discussed, in which hope is not offered at the expense of truthfulness, and the nurse facilitates the process of saying goodbye and expressing emotions. Practical techniques, such as including the family in basic care such as foot massaging and simple hygiene routines, may also be used to move the family from being bystanders to the impending death, to comforters.
	Call Number	NRSNZNO @ research @ 1004			Serial	988
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	Author	Entwistle, M.
	Title	Women only? An exploration of the place of men within nursing			Type
	Year	2004	Publication		Abbreviated Journal	Victoria University of Wellington Library
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Nursing; Male nurses; Gender; Recruitment and retention
	Abstract	This dissertation came out of the author's wondering why there are still so few men going into nursing especially when the history of nursing reveals that men have been a part of nursing for a long time. In New Zealand it is only since the mid seventies that men have been able to gain the exact same nursing qualifications as their women colleagues. The author notes that men in nursing are still seen as unusual in that they work in a predominantly female occupation and have had their masculinity questioned by the myth that all men in nursing must be gay. There is also the notion that caring is a difficult task for men and is seen by society as a uniquely feminine ability. Both issues are related to dominant notions of masculinity. In addition to this there is currently a crisis in terms of a nursing shortage and it has been suggested that one way to resolve this crisis is to encourage more men into nursing. Thus this exploration as to why there are so few men in nursing is timely. Men who choose nursing as a career risk challenging the traditional roles of their gender stereotype. A comprehensive search of the literature from different disciplines reveals deeper issues than just the commonly held assumption that nursing is not masculine. Exploring the issues of gender with a particular focus on masculinity has uncovered the concept of hegemonic masculinity. This describes how gender is practiced in a way that legitimises patriarchy, reinforcing the dominant position of men over women as well as over other groups of men. It is these patriarchal attitudes that have seen men marginalised within nursing. On the one hand men in nursing could be seen as challenging the current dominant masculine ideal. However, on the other hand men in nursing may not challenge this hegemonic masculinity; instead often supporting the status quo in an effort to maintain their own masculinity. The author suggests that the implication for nursing, if it is to increase the numbers of men in the profession, is to challenge this notion of hegemonic masculinity. This needs to be done appropriately by critically examining this concept rather than by merely replacing one hegemony with another. He goes on to say that it is now time for nursing education to include a critical exploration of gender issues and how it relates to men as part of undergraduate nursing education for both men and women students.
	Call Number	NRSNZNO @ research @			Serial	601
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	Author	Drake, M.; Stokes, G.
	Title	Managing pre-registration student risk: A professional and legislative minefield			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Nursing Praxis in New Zealand	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	20	Issue	1	Pages	15-27
	Keywords	Risk management; Education; Law and legislation; Nursing
	Abstract	This article reports data from 15 schools of nursing, surveyed to identify difficulties experienced by nurse educators with respect to entry, progression and programme completion of undergraduate nursing students. Risk assessment, along with a lack of clear policy and procedures were found to be the main problem areas. Difficulties were exacerbated for educators when there were challenges to their professional judgement, either from the Nursing Council of New Zealand or from within their own institution. The authors argue for more recognition of the dual role of nurse educators, and greater clarification of the Nursing Council of New Zealand role in regulating the student's programme entry and progression, and ultimate admission to the Register. It is suggested that the recently passed Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act (2003) provides nursing with an opportunity to address some of these issues.
	Call Number	NRSNZNO @ research @			Serial	546
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	Author	Drake, M.
	Title	The sonata form of musical composition as a framework for thesis writing			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Contemporary Nurse	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	16	Issue	3	Pages	252-258
	Keywords	Nursing research; Nursing; Education
	Abstract	This article introduces an innovation in writing master's level research and suggests that other structures may offer new and different frameworks for reporting nursing research. This is exemplified by reference to an example of nursing research which adopted the sonata form of musical composition as the framework for presentation of the thesis.
	Call Number	NRSNZNO @ research @			Serial	876
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	Author	Doughty, L.
	Title	Evaluation of the 2002 Auckland District Health Board: First year of clinical practice programme			Type
	Year	2004	Publication		Abbreviated Journal	University of Auckland Library
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Clinical supervision; Nursing; Education
	Abstract
	Call Number	NRSNZNO @ research @			Serial	1113
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	Author	Dobson, J.
	Title	Nurses' experiences of parental informed consent in the neonatal intensive care unit			Type
	Year	2004	Publication		Abbreviated Journal	Otago Polytechnic library. A copy can be obtained by contacting pgnursadmin@tekotago.ac.nz
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Neonatal nursing; Parents and caregivers
	Abstract	The Guthrie Test has become the standard screening test for early detection of congenital metabolic disorders for newborn babies in New Zealand and is an accepted part of neonatal care. In neonatal care, decisions are made on behalf of babies usually by their parents and, for the Guthrie Test there is a requirement that health professionals obtain informed consent. This qualitative research utilised focus group methodology to discover what neonatal nurses in clinical practice consider when obtaining informed consent from parents for newborn screening, the Guthrie Test. The convenience sample consisted of seven registered nurses who volunteered to participate in the study. They all practice in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Dunedin Public Hospital that provides Level 3 intensive care to neonates in the Otago/Southland regions. There are proven benefits of the current newborn screening programme and in the experience of this focus group not many parents choose to refuse. These neonatal nurses identified the rights of parents to have that choice and to make an informed decision. The findings from this research indicate the importance neonatal nurses place on patients' rights and the information provided to ensure that their rights are respected. However, the results indicated that there is a need for clarification of the purpose and process of informed consent for the Guthrie Test in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Therefore providing sufficient, relevant information at an appropriate time and manner is considered necessary. The findings will be used to inform discussion related to the provision of best practice.
	Call Number	NRSNZNO @ research @			Serial	921
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	Author	Dickinson, A.R.
	Title	Within the web: The family/practitioner relationship in the context of chronic childhood illness			Type
	Year	2004	Publication		Abbreviated Journal	ScholarlyCommons@AUT
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Nurse-family relations; Chronically ill; Children
	Abstract	This study explores the phenomenon of the relationships between practitioners and families who have a child with a chronic illness. Using a heremeneutic phenomenological method informed by the writings of Martin Heidegger [1889-1976] and Hans-Georg Gadamer [1900-2002], this study provides an understanding of the meaning of 'being in relationship' from the perspective of both families and practitioners. Study participants include ten family groups who have a child with a chronic illness and twelve practitioners from the disciplines of nursing, medicine, dietetics, physiotherapy and speech therapy who work with children with chronic illness. Narrative audio-taped interviewing was the means by which the participants told their stories about times that relationships worked well and when they did not. These stories uncover the every day realities of 'being in relationship' and provide another understanding of the relationship between family and practitioner.The findings of this thesis suggest that chronic childhood illness 'throws' families and practitioners together into a web of relationships that must work for the sake of the child. The relationship is primarily conducted between adults. Children are usually excluded. In order to understand and manage the child's illness, practitioners and families 'go around' and act 'in-between' relationships. While the quality of the relationship from the family perspective is not essential to the chronic illness journey, relationships are more successful when practitioners recognise the uniqueness of each family web. The nature of the relationship is often simple, yet it co-exists with complexity. This thesis proposes that a 'companion relationship' between practitioners and family may offer a more effective and satisfying way of working. It also challenges practitioners to consider the voice of children within health care relationships.
	Call Number	NRSNZNO @ research @ 1253			Serial	1238
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	Author	Dearden, G.
	Title	When things go wrong: The experiences of mental health nurses who have had a patient die through suicide			Type
	Year	2004	Publication		Abbreviated Journal	Victoria University of Wellington Library
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Mental health; Psychiatric Nursing; Nurse-patient relations; Case studies; Suicide
	Abstract	This thesis discusses the findings of a research study, informed by the work of van Manen (1997b), which explored the lived experiences of five mental health nurses who have had a patient die through suicide. Narrative was used as a method in interviews to uncover the essence of their lived experiences. Five interwoven themes uncovered in each of the interviews were: impact, support, feelings, closure and paradox. All of the nurses interviewed experienced a wide range of feelings about their patient's suicides, ranging from shock to guilt, to anger and sadness, and described their patient's suicide as having a significant impact on them. Support received by the nurses following their patient's suicide was variable, and they were often in the difficult position of trying to offer support to the patient's family. Common to all of the nurses was the lack of closure following the suicide. Paradox was found to be the overall essence of the experience of the mental health nurses interviewed. Three main paradoxical themes or statements were identified that are in many respects a summary of all of the themes that emerged. These were: unavoidable – responsible; inevitable – unprepared; duty of care – respect for patient's decision to end their life. The author suggests that the ability of the nurses interviewed to accept and reconcile the paradoxical issues that arise in relation to patient suicide, and accept the lack of closure they experience, is a fundamental element in their ability to continue to work in the mental health setting, despite the significant impact their patient's suicide has had on them. Four recommendations are made based on the insights gained from this research. These are: that every mental health service should have a suicide response policy; that undergraduate nursing education includes the impact of patient suicide; the development of policies which promote dialogue about suicide within the community; and the need for further research in this topic.
	Call Number	NRSNZNO @ research @			Serial	602
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